RAZLASTITEV KOT PRIMER POSEGA DRŽAVE V LASTNINSKO PRAVICO NA NEPREMIČNINI

KLENOVŠEK, MARKO (avtor), Brezovar, Nejc (mentor)

Lastninska pravica je temeljna človekova pravica. Varovana je z mednarodnimi pravnimi akti in z nacionalno zakonodajo. V naši drţavi je opredeljena v 37. členu Stvarnopravnega zakonika. Njene okvire pa določa tudi Ustava RS v 33., 67., 68. in 69. členu. Zaradi sobivanja v druţbi se pojavljajo tudi potrebe po omejevanju lastninske pravice, tako v zasebnem kot v javnem interesu. Ker gre za poseg v pravico, lahko le zakon določa omejitve uporabe, uţivanja lastnine in razpolaganja z njo. Pri omejevanju lastninske pravice in posegih vanjo je zakonodajalec dolţan upoštevati načelo sorazmernosti. V slovenskem pravnem redu obstaja vrsta omejitev lastninske pravice na nepremičninah v javno korist. Primera takšnega omejevalnega posega sta nedvomno razlastitev in omejitve v javno korist (sluţnost v javno korist, pravica začasne uporabe). Da je razlastitev pomemben pravni institut, izhaja ţe iz dejstva, da je opredeljena v Ustavi RS. Pomeni pa najbolj grob poseg v lastninsko pravico posameznika. V diplomskem delu so uvodoma obravnavani lastninska pravica in ustavnopravni okvir dopustnih posegov vanjo, javni interes kot pogoj za dopustnost posegov ter načelo sorazmernosti. Glavni del predstavlja veljavna ureditev razlastitve v našem pravnem redu, pregled prej veljavne ureditve in predstavitev instituta dejanske razlastitve v povezavi s kategoriziranimi javnimi cestami. Na podlagi dostopne literature in (pravnih) virov, ki to področje urejajo, je z uporabo deskriptivne metode izdelan teoretični del. Analizirana je zakonska ureditev razlastitve skozi proces njenega spreminjanja. V raziskovalnem oz. empiričnem delu je bila na podlagi podatkov iz prakse izdelana študija primera podeljene aktivne legitimacije razlastitvenemu zavezancu. S sintezo obojega skupaj pa so predstavljene ugotovitve in na njihovi podlagi sprejeti zaključki v odnosu do postavljenih hipotez. Ugotovljeno je, da je razlastitev, kot poseg v lastninsko pravico, zelo občutljiv institut. Udeleţenci v postopku razlastitve so po navadi na nasprotnih bregovih in varujejo vsak svoj interes. Zato je zakonsko urejanje tega področja zelo zahtevno.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: lastninska pravica, omejitev lastninske pravice, nepremičnina, javna korist, načelo sorazmernosti, razlastitveni zavezanec, odškodnina
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FU - Fakulteta za upravo
• Leto izida: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-145898
• Datum objave v RUL: 17.05.2023

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: EXPROPRIATION AS STATE INTERVENTION IN THE CASE OF CATEGORIZED PUBLIC ROADS

Izvleček

The right to property is a fundamental human right. It is protected by international legal acts and national legislation. In our country, it is defined in Article 37 of the Law of Property Code. Its framework is also determined by the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia in its Articles 33, 67 and 69. As a result of coexistence in society, there are also needs to limit property rights, both in private and in public interest. Only the law can set restrictions on use, enjoyment and disposal. When limiting the right to property and interfering with it, the legislator is bound to consider the principle of proportionality. In the Slovenian legal system, there are a number of restrictions on the ownership of real estate for the public benefit. Examples of such restrictive interventions are undoubtedly expropriation and other restrictions in the public interest (easement in the public interest, right to temporary use). That expropriation is an important legal instrument, comes from the fact that it is defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. It does however mean the grossest encroachment on an individual's right to property. In this thesis, we first discuss the right to property and the constitutional legal framework of admissible interference with it, the public interest as a condition for the admissibility of interference and the principle of proportionality. The main part represents the valid regulation of expropriation in our legal system, an overview of the previously valid regulation and a presentation of the institution of actual expropriation in connection with categorized public roads. On the basis of available literature and (legal) sources that regulate this field, a theoretical part is prepared using the descriptive method. The legal regulation of expropriation is analyzed through the process of its modification. In research or in the empirical part, a case study of active legitimation granted to a person subject to expropriation was made on the basis of data from practice. By synthesizing both together, the findings are presented and, based on them, conclusions are drawn in relation to the established hypotheses. It is established that the expropriation, as an encroachment on property rights, is a very sensitive institution. The participants in the expropriation process are usually on opposite sides, each protecting their own interest. Therefore, the legal regulation of this area is also very demanding.

• Ključne besede: property right, limitation of property right, real estate, public benefit, principle of proportionality, expropriation obligee, compensation