Neurotropic viruses, astrocytes, and COVID-19

Tavčar Verdev, Petra (avtor), Potokar, Maja (avtor), Kolenc, Marko (avtor), Korva, Miša (avtor), Avšič-Županc, Tatjana (avtor), Zorec, Robert (avtor), Jorgačevski, Jernej (avtor)

At the end of 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) was discovered in China, causing a new coronavirus disease, termed COVID-19 by the WHO on February 11, 2020. At the time of this paper (January 31, 2021), more than 100 million cases have been recorded, which have claimed over 2 million lives worldwide. The most important clinical presentation of COVID-19 is severe pneumonia; however, many patients present various neurological symptoms, ranging from loss of olfaction, nausea, dizziness, and headache to encephalopathy and stroke, with a high prevalence of inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) syndromes. SARS-CoV-2 may also target the respiratory center in the brainstem and cause silent hypoxemia. However, the neurotropic mechanism(s) by which SARS-CoV-2 affects the CNS remain(s) unclear. In this paper, we first address the involvement of astrocytes in COVID-19 and then elucidate the present knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 as a neurotropic virus as well as several other neurotropic flaviviruses (with a particular emphasis on the West Nile virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Zika virus) to highlight the neurotropic mechanisms that target astroglial cells in the CNS. These key homeostasis-providing cells in the CNS exhibit many functions that act as a favorable milieu for virus replication and possibly a favorable environment for SARS-CoV-2 as well. The role of astrocytes in COVID- 19 pathology, related to aging and neurodegenerative disorders, and environmental factors, is discussed. Understanding these mechanisms is key to better understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and for developing new strategies to mitigate the neurotropic manifestations of COVID-19.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: neurotropic virus, flavivirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, neuroinfection, astrocyte
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.02 - Pregledni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: MF - Medicinska fakulteta
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2021
• Št. strani: 14 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 15, art. 662578
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-144668
• UDK: 616.9
• ISSN pri članku: 1662-5102
• DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.662578
• COBISS.SI-ID: 58875651
• Datum objave v RUL: 07.03.2023

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
• Skrajšan naslov: Front. cell. neurosci.
• Založnik: Frontiers Media
• ISSN: 1662-5102
• COBISS.SI-ID: 30660825

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: nevrotropni virus, flavivirus, COVID-19