In the thesis, we study zero-knowledge proofs. We focus on a description of a mathematical model named Pinocchio, which depends on elliptic curve theory and enables the construction of efficient zero-knowledge proofs for problems expressed by arithmetic circuits. For those proofs, we describe some example usages in decentralized systems. The main two examples are the cryptocurrency Zerocash, which preserves its users' anonymity, and an implementation of a decentralized anonymous voting system using a smart contract.
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