Viabilnost in kaljivost semen navadne (Phytolacca americana) in krhljaste barvilnice (P. acinosa) : magistrsko delo

Skočir, Sara (avtor), Strgulc-Krajšek, Simona (mentor), Kladnik, Aleš (komentor)

Navadna barvilnica (Phytolacca americana) in krhljasta barvilnica (P. acinosa) sta v Sloveniji invazivni tujerodni vrsti. Navadna barvilnica je že zelo razširjena, v zadnjih letih pa se je njeno širjenje še pospešilo. Krhljasta barvilnica je še v začetni fazi širjenja in je prisotna predvsem v urbanem okolju. Najučinkovitejše zatiranje in preprečevanje širjenja barvilnic je mehansko odstranjevanje. Ker je odstranjevanje plodov z izkopanih ali pokošenih poganjkov zelo zamudno ter viša stroške odstranjevanje, nas je zanimalo, v kateri fazi razvoja plodov so semena že kaljiva in ali obstaja nevarnost, da bi pri odstranjevanju rastline razsejali. Za kalitvene poskuse v petrijevkah in prsti smo nabrali različno zrele plodove obeh vrst barvilnice in ugotavljali kaljivost in viabilnost semen. Preverili smo tudi vpliv različnih načinov shranjevanja ter tretmaja z žveplovo kislino na kalitev. Izvedli smo tudi preizkus zorenja plodov na odrezani rastlini in ugotovili, da plodovi lahko dozorijo tudi na izruvanih rastlinah in poganjkih. Ugotovili smo, da pri obeh vrstah bolje kalijo izolirana semena, kot semena posejana skupaj z osemenjem, kar je lahko posledica avtotoksičnosti. Zrela semena krhljaste barvilnice so najbolje kalila po sušenju in shranjevanju pri sobni temperaturi, tako tista v plodovih kot izolirana. Semena navadne barvilnice so dobro kalila tudi v več drugih primerih. Ker smo ugotovili, da lahko kalijo semena iz plodov vseh zrelosti, je pri odstranjevanju barvilnic potrebno obrati vse grozde plodov, ne glede na njihovo zrelost in jih odstraniti z nahajališča ter primerno uničiti, da preprečimo nadaljnje širjenje. Boljša kaljivost semen navadne barvilnice je lahko razlog za večjo razširjenost te vrste po Sloveniji v primerjavi s krhljasto barvilnico. Z namenom obvladovanja in preprečevanja nadaljnjega širjenja barvilnic, smo na podlagi izsledkov raziskave pripravili protokol za odstranjevanje navadne ali krhljaste barvilnice iz narave ali zasaditev.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: barvilnica, Phytolacca americana, P. acinosa, invazivna rastlinska vrsta, kalitev, viabilnost semen
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2022
• Št. strani: XII, 79 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-143374
• UDK: 53(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 134725891
• Datum objave v RUL: 17.12.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Seed Viability and Germination Rate of Phytolacca Americana and P. Acinosa

Izvleček

Phytolacca americana and P. acinosa are invasive non-native species in Slovenia. Phytolacca americana is already widespread and its spread has accelerated in recent years while P. acinosa is still in its early stages of spread and is mainly found in urban areas. Mechanical removal is the most effective way of controlling and preventing the spread of Phytolacca species. As removing fruit from dug or cut shoots is very time consuming and increases the cost of removal we wanted to determine at what stage of fruit development the seeds are already germinating and if there is a risk of sowing when removing the plants. For the germination tests in petri dishes and soil, we collected different ripe fruits of both species. Experiments were made to determine the germination rate and viability of Phytolacca seeds. We also tested the effect of different storage methods and sulfuric acid treatment on seed germination. Furthermore, we also analyzed fruit ripening on a cut plant and found that fruits can also ripen on uprooted plants and shoots. We found that isolated seeds germinated better than seeds inside the pericarp in both species which is probably due to the autotoxicity of the plant. Mature seeds of P. acinosa germinated best after drying and storage at room temperature, both within the fruit and isolated. Seeds of P. americana also germinated well in several other situations. Since we have found that seeds from fruits in different stages of maturity can germinate, it is important that when removing both Phytolacca species, all clusters of fruits regardless of maturity should be harvested and removed from the site and properly destroyed to prevent further spread. Better seed germination rate of P. americana may be the reason for the greater distribution of this species in Slovenia compared to the P. acinosa. In order to control and prevent the further spread of both Phytolacca species we have prepared a protocol for the removal of P. americana or P. acinosa from nature or plantings, based on the results of the research.

• Ključne besede: pokeweed, Phytolacca americana, P. Acinosa, invasive alien species, germination, seed viability