Samoocena neželenih učinkov cepljenja proti covidu-19 : diplomsko delo

Žitko, Ana (avtor), Milavec Kapun, Marija (mentor), Čehovin Zajc, Jožica (recenzent)

Uvod: Epidemija covida-19 se je začela proti koncu leta 2019. Decembra 2020 smo v Sloveniji dobili prvo cepivo proti covidu-19, zatem pa še štiri druga. Po cepljenju so lahko prisotni tudi neželeni učinki. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati najpogostejše samozaznane neželene učinke po cepljenju z različnimi cepivi proti covidu-19 ter opredeliti načine lajšanja s strani cepljenih poročanih neželenih učinkov. Metode dela: Uporabili smo kvantitativni deskriptivni pristop. Anketni vprašalnik je bil oblikovan s pomočjo odprtokodne spletne aplikacije EnKlikAnketa. Osnova za oblikovanje vprašalnika je bil pregled spletne strani Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje glede neželenih učinkov cepljenja proti covidu-19. Za analizo rezultatov smo uporabili Microsoft Excel. Rezultati: V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 121 polnoletnih prebivalcev Slovenije, ki so ustrezno izpolnili anketni vprašalnik. Izmed teh se je 95 anketiranih cepilo proti covidu-19 in nekateri so navedli neželene učinke. Rezultati so pokazali, da so bili samozaznani neželeni učinki večinoma blagi do zmerni. Med najpogostejšimi neželenimi učinki ne glede na vrsto cepiva so bile splošne težave: utrujenost, bolečina na mestu vboda, visoka telesna temperatura – tudi z mrazenjem ali mrzlico, glavobol, bolečine v mišicah in sklepih. Ti učinki so se ne glede na vrsto cepiva večinoma pojavili in izzveneli v 24–48 urah. Neželeni učinki so bili pri cepivih proizvajalcev Pfizer/BioNTech in Moderna bolj izraženi po drugem odmerku, medtem ko so bili pri cepivu proizvajalca AstraZeneca po prvem odmerku. Neželeni učinki so bili pogosto prisotni tudi po prvem odmerku cepiva proizvajalca Johnson & Johnson. Razprava in zaključek: Po cepljenju proti covidu-19 so pogosto prisotni neželeni učinki ne glede na vrsto cepiva in število odmerkov. Neželene učinke so anketiranci lajšali tako nefarmakološko kot farmakološko. Medicinske sestre bi morale dati prednost informiranju o cepljenju in možnih neželenih učinkih, ki se po cepljenju proti covidu-19 lahko pojavijo, hkrati pa spodbujati cepljene k poročanju o neželenih učinkih, saj se stroka s tem izpopolnjuje. Predvsem pa sta pomembna vseživljenjsko učenje medicinskih sester in podajanje znanja tako zdravemu kot bolnemu posamezniku in družbi.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, SARS-CoV-2, ceplenje, neželeni učinki, lajšanje neželenih učinkov
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [A. Žitko]
• Leto izida: 2022
• Št. strani: 30 str., [3] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-142359
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 127809795
• Datum objave v RUL: 02.11.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Self-assessment of covid-19 vaccine side effects : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: The covid-19 epidemic began towards the end of 2019. In December 2020, we received the first covid-19 vaccine in Slovenia, followed by four others. Adverse effects are often present after vaccination. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to find out the most common self-assessed adverse effects after vaccination with various vaccines against covid-19, and to identify ways of alleviating them, which the vaccinated report. Methods: We used a quantitative descriptive approach. We used a survey questionnaire designed with the help of the online tool EnKlikAnketa. The basis for formulating the questions was a review of the website of the National Institute of Public Health regarding the adverse effects of the vaccination against covid-19. We used Microsoft Excel to analyze the results. Results: 121 adult residents of Slovenia were included in the research, who answered the questionnaire accordingly. Among these, 95 respondents were vaccinated against covid-19 and some of them showed possible adverse effects. The results showed that self-reported effects were mostly mild to moderate. The most common adverse effects, regardless of the type of vaccine, were general problems, fatigue, pain at the injection site, high body temperature or fever with trembling, headache, muscle and joint pain. These, regardless of the type of vaccine, are mostly appeared and disappeared within 24-48 hours. Adverse effects were more pronounced after the second dose with the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, while with the AstraZeneca vaccine after the first dose. Adverse effects were often present even after the first dose of Johnson & Johnson. Discussion and conclusion: After vaccination against covid-19, adverse effects are often present, regardless of the type of vaccine and the number of doses. Respondents alleviated adverse effects non-pharmacologically as well as pharmacologically. Nurses should make a priority to inform about vaccination and possible adverse effects that can be compensated after vaccination. At the same time, encourage the vaccinated to report the adverse effects, because the profession improves with this. Above all, the lifelong learning of nurses and the passing on of knowledge to both healthy and sick individuals and society is important.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, SARS-CoV-2, vaccination, adverse effects, alleviation of adverse effects