The school system co-shapes generations of citizens in every country. Early modern school paradigm was significantly different from the contemporary one. States were beginning to realize the importance of education for their own progress, which brought about major changes and gradual institutionalization of the school system. This thesis deals with the educational institutions of two important political entities in Southeast Europe, the Republic of Dubrovnik/Ragusa and the Ottoman Empire, which influenced on cultures in the macro region. The religious foundations of education, mainly Muslim and Christian, are presented, as well as some factors significantly influencing pedagogical paradigm in early modern Europe.
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