Astrocytes play a crucial role in the regulation of the ion and water homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). It is thought that inward rectifying potassium channels (Kir4.1) alongside aquaporin 4 (AQP4) play an important role in maintaining this homeostasis. Furthermore, it is also believed that Kir4.1 and AQP4 are expressed in close vicinity to each other, which gives additional support to the claims of a causal link in function between the two channels. Viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 infection, can lead to the development of neural symptoms caused by the dysfunction of water and ion homeostasis. These symptoms include ageusia, anosmia, lack of focus and persistent tiredness while and after COVID-19. One of the possible culprits is the protein ORF3a in the genome of the virus SARS-CoV-2. ORF3a is a viroporin and can facilitate passage of ions across cell membranes. ORF3a is also known to stunt the autophagosomes ability to fuse with lysosomes. In this work we used super resolution fluorescent microscopy (structured illumination microscopy – SIM) to analyze the distance between AQP4 and Kir4.1. We also studied the influence expression of ORF3a has on Kir4.1 and AQP4 expression in astrocytes. We showed that AQP4 and Kir4.1 do not directly colocalize in rat astrocyte cell culture, however they are expressed in close proximity to each other. We also showed that the presence of ORF3a in rat astrocytes influenced the expression of AQP4 even though ORF3a and AQP4 are expressed in different parts of astrocytes.
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