Vpliv spletnega treninga na kompetence vzgojiteljic za delo z otroki z avtističnimi motnjami

Poštrak, Maruša (avtor), Žgur, Erna (mentor), Bezenšek, Ana (komentor)

V zadnjih letih se povečuje število otrok z avtističnimi motnjami (v nadaljevanju AM), katerih znaki se začnejo kazati že v zgodnjem obdobju življenja, ko je večina otrok vključena v program predšolske vzgoje. Zaradi specifik v vedenju se vzgojitelji pri delu z njimi srečujejo z različnimi izzivi in težavami. Otroci z AM namreč potrebujejo posebne pristope in strategije dela, ki vplivajo na njihovo funkcioniranje ter jim omogočajo inkluzijo v skupino vrstnikov. Vzgojitelji se na tem mestu srečujejo s pomanjkanjem znanja in kompetenc za delo z njimi, pridobivanje le-teh pa je največkrat odvisno predvsem od njihovega nadaljnjega izobraževanja. V ospredje v današnjem času prihajajo spletne oblike izobraževanj. Eno izmed teh, namenjeno v prvi vrsti vzgojiteljem predšolskih otrok, ki imajo v skupini otroka z AM, je spletni trening oz. usposabljanje, ki je nastal kot produkt projekta ETTECEC (Early Attention for the Inclusion of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Early Childhood Education and Care System), zato ga v nadaljevanju imenujemo spletni trening ETTECEC. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela najprej predstavimo področje AM. Podrobneje v nadaljevanju predstavljamo ureditev področja vzgoje in izobraževanja v Sloveniji in specifike za osebe s posebnimi potrebami oz. otroke z avtističnimi motnjami na tem področju. Dotaknemo se možnih intervencij in strategij dela z otroki z AM. Predstavljamo tudi dosedanje izsledke raziskav s področja kompetentnosti vzgojiteljic za delo z otroki z AM, ureditev področja izobraževanja za vzgojitelje predšolske vzgoje v Sloveniji ter nenazadnje predstavimo spletni trening ETTECEC, katerega vpliv na kompetence vzgojiteljic preverjamo znotraj magistrskega dela. V empiričnem delu smo raziskali, ali omenjeni spletni trening kot oblika samostojnega izobraževanja vzgojiteljicam nudi potrebne vsebine in ali jim omogoča pridobitev kompetenc za delo z otroki z AM ter njihovo inkluzijo v skupino. Evalvirali smo uporabnost spletnega treninga v praksi in glede na izsledke raziskave podali predloge za morebitne dopolnitve ali izboljšave le-tega. S tem namenom smo izvedli multiplo študijo primera in uporabili kvalitativni raziskovalni pristop in deskriptivno metodo. V raziskavo smo vključili štiri vzgojiteljice predšolskih otrok, ki imajo v skupini otroka z AM. Dojemanje lastne kompetentnosti pred in po uporabi spletnega treninga ETTECEC ter evalvacijo spletnega treninga smo preverili s pomočjo dveh vprašalnikov, oblikovanih v namen raziskave, ter s polstrukturiranim intervjujem z vzgojiteljicami po koncu uporabe spletnega treninga ETTECEC. Spletni trening smo primerjali z obstoječimi tujimi modeli in predlagali dopolnitev vsebin tudi s tega vidika. Ugotovili smo, da se vse vzgojiteljice po uporabi spletnega treninga v nekaterih pogledih ocenijo kot bolj kompetentne za delo z otroki z AM v primerjavi s samooceno pred uporabo le-tega. Razlike so v intenziteti sprememb v kompetentnosti ter področjih, na katerih se posamezne vzgojiteljice ocenijo kot bolj kompetentne. Nekatere vsebine se vežejo na izzive, s katerimi se srečujejo pri svojem delu v praksi, podale pa so tudi predloge za dodatne vsebine in nekatere druge možne dopolnitve obstoječega modela. Menijo, da spletni trening omogoča samostojno izobraževanje, si pa želijo povratnih informacij na njihova razmišljanja s strani strokovnjaka.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Avtizem
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-140259
• COBISS.SI-ID: 120820739
• Datum objave v RUL: 27.09.2022

POŠTRAK, Maruša, 2022, Vpliv spletnega treninga na kompetence vzgojiteljic za delo z otroki z avtističnimi motnjami [na spletu]. Magistrsko delo. [Dostopano 4 maj 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=140259

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Impact of online training on preschool teacher's competencies for working with children with autism spectrum disorder

Izvleček

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) whose symptoms begin to appear at an early stage of life, when most of the children are included in the preschool education program. Due to the specifics of behaviour, educators face various challenges and difficulties when working with them. Namely, children with ASD need special approaches and work strategies that have effect on their functioning and enable them to be included in a group of peers. At this point educators face a lack of knowledge and competence when working with them, and gaining those often depends predominantly on their further education. Online forms of education make it to the foreground nowadays. One of these, intended primarily for educators of preschool children who have a child with ASD in the group, is online training or training that was created as a product of the ETTECEC project (Early Attention for the Inclusion of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Early Childhood Education and Care System), so it is hereinafter referred to as ETTECEC online training. In the theoretical part of the master's thesis, we first present the field of ASD. In the following, we present the regulation of the field of education in Slovenia in more detail and the specifics for people with special needs or children with autism spectrum disorders in this area. We touch upon possible interventions and strategies for working with children with ASD. We also present the results of the research concerning the competence of educators to work with children with ASD, the regulation of education for preschool teachers in Slovenia and last but not least we present the online training ETTECEC, whose impact on the competence of educators is checked within the master's thesis. In the empirical part we researched whether the mentioned online training as a form of independent education provides educators with the necessary content and whether it enables them to gain competence for working with children with ASD and their inclusion in the group. We evaluated the usefulness of online training in practice and based on the results of the research, made suggestions for possible additions or improvements. With this intention we carried out a multiple case study and used a qualitative research approach and a descriptive method. Four preschool teachers who have a child with ASD in their group were included into the research. The perception of self-competence before and after using the ETTECEC online training and the evaluation of the online training were checked with the help of two questionnaires designed for the purpose of the research and a semi-structured interview with educators after using the ETTECEC online training. We compared the online training with existing foreign models and suggested supplementing the contents from this point of view as well. We found that all educators assess themselves in some aspects as more competent to work with children with ASD after using online training than before using it. The differences are in the intensity of changes in competence and in the fields in which individual educators assess themselves as more competent. Some of the contents are related to the challenges they face in their work in practice, they also made suggestions for additional contents and some other possible additions to the existing model. They believe that online training provides independent education, but they want feedback on their thinking from an expert.

• Ključne besede: Autism