Background: Low-load ischemic training is often used as an alternative to standard high-load resistance training. It is thought to elicit similar, or greater, gains in muscle size and strength at lower mechanical loads, which may be also attributed to enhanced neural activation of muscles. The purpose of this review was to determine the effects of low load ischemic resistance exercise on voluntary muscle activation. Methods: We reviewed PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library and Science Direct databases for relevant randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. Results: Eleven studies that compared the effects of low-load ischemic resistance exercise with the effects of equal low-load resistance exercise with free blood flow have been included and analysed. Four studies also used standard high-load exercise for comparison. The findings show that low-load ischemic resistance exercise can elicit significantly higher levels of skeletal muscle activation than standard exercise performed at the same intensity and volume. It also accelerates central and peripheral fatigue, which is evident from higher reduction of central activation level and muscle excitability immediately after ischemic exercise. Conclusions: Low-load ischemic resistance exercise can augment activation of skeletal muscles and accelerate fatigue, but it remains unknown if this elicits long-lasting improvements.
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