Predstave četrtošolcev o osebnem zdravju in higieni

Zupančič, Katja (avtor), Torkar, Gregor (mentor)

Človekovo zdravje je vrednota, ki jo ljudje uvrščamo v sam vrh lestvice osebnih in družbenih vrednot, saj vpliva na vse vidike našega življenja. Temeljni vpliv na zdravstveno vzgojo in z njo povezanim vedenjem ima poleg družine tudi šola, zato so z osebnim zdravjem in higieno povezani učni cilji integrirani v učne načrte različnih predmetov slovenskih osnovnih šol. Slednje dopolnjuje tudi neformalno izobraževanje v obliki preventivnega zdravstvenega varstva pod okriljem NIJZ, ki izvaja program Vzgoja za zdravje. S pomenom zdravja in z njim povezanimi informacijami se otroci srečujejo zunaj in znotraj izobraževalnih ustanov že v predšolskem obdobju, kasneje pa v šoli in v zvezi z njim oblikujejo posamezne predstave, med katerimi so nekatere tudi napačne. Z izobraževanjem in aktivnim vključevanjem učencev v konstrukcijo svojega znanja lahko izboljšujemo predstave učencev o osebnem zdravju in higieni. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, kakšne predstave imajo učenci četrtih razredov slovenskih osnovnih šol o osebnem zdravju in higieni ter ali nanje vplivajo dejavniki, kot so spol, samozavest učiteljev pri poučevanju naravoslovnih vsebin in pripravljenost učiteljev na poučevanje vsebin zdravja človeka. Raziskava je temeljila na bazi podatkov izbranih nalog, ki so jih reševali učenci četrtih razredov osnovnih šol iz cele Slovenije, ki so sodelovali v Mednarodni raziskavi trendov v znanju matematike in naravoslovja (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study – TIMSS) leta 2015. Analizirali smo odgovore 1879 slovenskih četrtošolcev. Del raziskave je temeljil tudi na odgovorih 251 učiteljev omenjenih učencev, ki so izpolnili TIMSS-ov vprašalnik za učitelje v sklopu raziskave TIMSS 2015. Raziskava je pokazala, da imajo učenci večinoma pravilne predstave o osebnem zdravju in higieni. Te so vezane predvsem na podatke oziroma znanja, s katerimi imajo učenci izkušnje iz svojih življenj ali pa se pogosto in kontinuirano pojavljajo v formalnih in neformalnih oblikah izobraževanja. Nepopolne oziroma napačne predstave se pojavljajo predvsem v povezavi s prenosom nalezljivih bolezni in pomenom vnosa tekočine v naše telo in so vezane predvsem na dejstva, ki so abstraktnejša ter si jih učenci težko predstavljajo in/ali z njimi nimajo konkretnih izkušenj – npr. kako pride do prenosa bolezni z mikrobi, posledica slabe skrbi za kožo je kožni rak, zakaj je pomemben vnos dovoljšne količine tekočine v naše telo ipd. V raziskavi smo ugotavljali tudi povezave med spolom in odgovori učencev in ugotovili, da so deklice imele rahlo pravilnejše predstave o zdravju in higieni kot dečki. Povezanost med samozavestjo učiteljev pri poučevanju naravoslovnih vsebin in odgovori učencev smo ugotovili le pri dveh odgovorih, zaradi neenakomerne porazdelitve vzorca učiteljev pa povezave med pripravljenostjo učiteljev na poučevanje vsebin o zdravju in higieni ter odgovori učencev nismo ugotovili.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: TIMSS
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-137961
• COBISS.SI-ID: 113915907
• Datum objave v RUL: 11.07.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Fourth graders personal health and hygiene perceptions

Izvleček

Human health is highly valued personal and social value amongst people as it affects all aspects of our lives. In addition to family, schools also have fundamental influence on health education and related behaviors. That is why learning goals related to personal health and hygiene are integrated into the curricula of various subjects in Slovenian primary schools. The latter is complemented by non-formal education in the form of preventive health care, taken care by NIJZ, which implements the Health Education program. The importance of health and related information is encountered by children outside and inside educational institutions first in the pre-school period, and later in primary schools. In that time they form individual health related conceptions, some of which are also wrong (misconceptions). By educating and actively involving students in the construction of their knowledge, we can improve students' perceptions of personal health and hygiene. The aim of the research was to find out what perceptions students in the fourth grade of Slovenian primary schools have about personal health and hygiene and whether they are influenced by factors such as gender, teachers’ confidence in teaching science and teachers' competence to teach about human health. The research was based on selected tasks solved by fourth grade primary school students from all over Slovenia who participated in the International Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in 2015. We analyzed the answers of 1879 Slovenian fourth graders. Part of the research was also based on the answers of 251 teachers who filled in the TIMSS questionnaire for teachers within the TIMSS 2015 survey. Research has shown that students mostly have correct notions about personal health and hygiene. These are mainly related to data or knowledge with which students have personal experiences with and/or often and continuously appear in formal and non-formal forms of education. Incomplete perceptions or misconceptions occur mainly in connection with the transmission of infectious diseases and the importance of fluid intake in our body. The latter are mainly related to facts that are more abstract and difficult for students to imagine and/or have no concrete experience with – e.g. how the transmission of diseases by microbes occurs, the consequence of poor skin care is skin cancer, why is it important to get enough fluid into our body etc. The study also found links between gender and students’ responses. We found out that girls had slightly more correct perceptions of health and hygiene than boys. The connection between teachers' confidence in teaching science and students' answers was found in only two answers, but due to the uneven distribution of the sample of teachers, no connection was found between teachers' competence to teach health and hygiene and students' answers.

• Ključne besede: TIMSS