Introduction: The upper limb is very complex, made up of neurovaskular bundles, lymph, muscles and bones that come together to form a functional unit for performing in our daily activities. Amputations lead to functional loss and affect the patient both physically and mentally. The amputations are divided into partial, disarticulation in the wrist, transradial, disarticulation in the elbow, transhumeral and disarticulation in shoulder joint. For the management of myoelectric prostheses a bionic reconstruction was performed, which represents a promising and effective treatment and reconstruction of the upper limb. This procedure restores limb function and re-integrates the patient into daily life. EMG signals are required for the operation of myoelectric prostheses and mesaure the electrical activity of a muscle fiber during contraction and relaxation. The goal of bionics is to connect biology and engineering, and so upper limb prostheses have been developed and give the user more control over the prosthesis, improve performance and self-esteem. Purpose: The purpose of our diploma work is to reviw the professional and scientific literature to present the usefulness, advantages and disadvantages of use and the operation of bionic prostheses for upper limbs. We are also interested in the importance of electromyography in their use. Methods: We used only English literature found in two databases, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Keywords that we used were (bionic) AND (prosthetic OR prosthesis) AND (hand OR arm) AND (EMG signals) NOT (non amputee) NOT (able bodied). We included free articles from the last 10 years, as well as articles that include bionic prostheses for the upper limbs and EMG signals. Results: Under specified conditions which are listed in methods we included 7 studies appropriate for our work. All studies included amputated individuals who used the prosthesis and EMG signlas to operate with it. We were interested in how bionic prostheses affect the lives of individuals and how EMG signals work. Discussion and conclusion: We found that bionic prostheses for the upper limbs significantly improve the lives of individuals and their self-steem, which was also shown by tests that assess the functional functioning of the hand. EMG signals are a great importance here, as they allow better and easier control of the prosthesis. For further studies, the focus should be on testing similar prostheses so they can be more easily compared.
|
