Seznanjenost porodnic s stanjem in posledicami razmika preme trebušne mišice ter ukrepi za njegovo preprečevanje : magistrsko delo

Pungartnik, Maruša (avtor), Dolenc, Maja (mentor), Šuštaršič, Ana (komentor)

Namen naše naloge je bil ugotoviti, kakšna je seznanjenost porodnic s stanjem razmika preme trebušne mišice, seznanjenost o ukrepih za zmanjšanje tega ter kakšen je vpliv vrste vadbe na razmik preme trebušne mišice in ostale poporodne težave. Podatke smo zbrali s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika 1ka, ki je zajemal 21 vprašanj. Pridobljene podatke smo zbrali in uredili v programu Microsoft Excel 2013 ter jih analizirali v statističnem programu IBM SPSS 21 IBM. Za analizo anketnega vprašalnika smo uporabili opisno statistiko. Prikazali smo frekvence in pripadajoče odstotke odgovorov, povprečne vrednosti, standardne odklone, minimum in maksimum odgovorov. Rezultate smo podali v obliki tabel. Za preverjanje statistično značilnih razlik v porazdelitvah odgovorov smo uporabili Hi-kvadrat test. Za iskanje statistično značilnih razlik v povprečjih dveh neodvisnih skupin smo uporabili t-test za dva neodvisna vzorca. Homogenost varianc smo preverjali s pomočjo Levenovega testa. Za iskanje moči povezanosti med dvema številskima spremenljivkama smo uporabili neparametrični Spearmanov korelacijski test. Vsa testiranja smo opravili pri stopnji tveganja 5 %. Naše ugotovitve kažejo, da je več kot tretjina (42,3 %) porodnic seznanjena s stanjem razmika preme trebušne mišice po porodu s strani strokovno usposobljenega delavca. Približno tretjini (30,9 %) porodnic je razmik izmeril fizioterapevt po porodu v porodnišnici, najpogosteje v porodnišnici Šempeter pri Novi Gorici (84,6 %), na Jesenicah (68,4 %) in v Ljubljani (66,4 %). V porodnišnici Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec in Celje razmika preme trebušne mišice niso izmerili niti eni porodnici. Znanje o pravilnosti vadbe med nosečnostjo in po porodu je bilo v povprečju dobro (10,5 od 15 točk). Nekaj manj kot četrtina (21,5 %) vseh anketirank, ki so bile telesno aktivne po porodu, se je udeleževala vodenih vadb za nosečnice, v živo pa le 3,5 % anketirank. Deleži udeležbe so bili precej višji med nosečnostjo, ko še ni bilo prisotnih posledic pandemije Covid-19 (približno tretjina vseh anketirank je bila aktivna med nosečnostjo). Več kot tri četrtine anketirank, ki imajo prisoten čezmeren razmik preme trebušne mišice, ima tudi katero od posledic čezmernega razmika. Najpogosteje porodnice s prisotnim čezmernim razmikom preme trebušne mišice navajajo bolečine v križu (67,0 %), slabšo telesno držo (54,0 %) ter urinsko inkontinenco (36,0 %). Pri anketirankah, ki izvajajo vodeno vadbo po porodu, vadba bolje vpliva na bolečine v križu, kot pri anketirankah, ki vodene vadbe ne izvajajo (a izvajajo kakšno drugo telesno aktivnost, npr. hojo, tek, kolesarjenje itd.).

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: nosečnost, porod, razmik preme trebušne mišice, poporodne težave, vadba po porodu
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-127540
• COBISS.SI-ID: 69633795
• Datum objave v RUL: 14.06.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: AWARENESS OF DIASTASIS RECTI ABDOMINIS STATUS, CONSEQUENCES AND MEASURES OF ITS PREVENTION AMONG POSTPARTUM WOMEN

Izvleček

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the awareness of women with the state of diastasis recti abdominis (DRA), awareness of measures to reduce DRA, and the impact of the type of exercise on DRA and other postpartum problems. Data were collected using the 1ka questionnaire, which included 21 questions. The obtained data were collected and edited in Microsoft Excel 2013 and then analyzed in the IBM SPSS 21 statistical program IBM. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey questionnaire. Frequencies and corresponding response percentages, mean values, standard deviations, minimum and maximum responses were shown. The results were given in the form of tables. The Hi-square test was used to check statistically significant differences in the distributions of responses. To find statistically significant differences in the averages of the two independent groups, we used the t-test for two independent samples. The homogeneity of the variances was checked using the Leven test. A nonparametric Spearman correlation test was used to find the strength of the relationship between two numerical variables. All tests were performed at a risk level of 5%. Our findings show that more than a third (42.3%) of mothers are aware of the state of DRA after childbirth by a professionally trained worker. Approximately one third (30.9%) of women were measured by a physiotherapist after giving birth in a maternity hospital, most common in the Šempeter maternity hospital near Nova Gorica (84.6%), in Jesenice (68.4%) and in Ljubljana (66.4%). In the maternity hospitals in Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec and Celje, not a single woman was measured. Knowledge of the correctness of exercise during pregnancy and after childbirth was on average good (10.5 out of 15 points). Slightly less than a quarter (21.5%) of all respondents who were physically active after childbirth participated in guided exercises for pregnant women, while only 3.5% of respondents took part in live exercises. Participation rates were significantly higher during pregnancy, when the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic were not yet present (approximately one third of all respondents were active during pregnancy). More than three-quarters of respondents who have DRA also have any of the consequences of DRA. Most often, women with DRA report low back pain (67.0%), poor posture (54.0%) and urinary incontinence (36.0%). In respondents who perform guided exercise after childbirth, exercise has a better effect on low back pain than in respondents who do not perform guided exercise (but perform some other physical activity such as walking, running, cycling, etc.).

• Ključne besede: pregnancy, delivery, diastasis recti abdominis, postpartum issues, postpartum exercise