Uporaba prilagojenih stolčkov pri otrocih s cerebralno paralizo : diplomsko delo

Somrak, Brina (avtor), Šuc, Lea (mentor), Gričar, Nevenka (recenzent)

Uvod: Cerebralna paraliza je opredeljena kot skupina dolgotrajnih motenj v razvoju otrokovega gibanja in njegove drže zaradi nenapredujoče okvare razvijajočih se možganov ploda ali dojenčka v času pred ali med porodom ali v zgodnjem poporodnem obdobju. 30 odstotkov otrok s cerebralno paralizo nikoli ne doseže samostojnega sedenja. Delovni terapevt oceni, katera vrsta prilagojenega stolčka, ki je definiran kot modifikacija sedežne naprave za izboljšanje sedečega položaja, drže in posturalnega nadzora pri osebah z motnjami gibanja, je ustrezna za posameznika. Namen: V diplomskem delu smo s pregledom literature raziskali normalni razvoj sedenja, razvoj sedenja pri otrocih s cerebralno paralizo, pomen pravilnega sedenja ter vlogo delovnega terapevta pri ocenjevanju in prilagajanju ergonomskih stolčkov za otroke s cerebralno paralizo. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno raziskovalno metodo s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene domače in tuje literature. Uporabili smo članke, najdene s pomočjo naslednjih iskalnikov po podatkovnih bazah: DiKUL, Googlov Učenjak in vzajemna bibliografska baza COBISS. Rezultati: V klinični praksi se ugotavlja, da je posturalni nadzor nujen za motorične spretnosti. Delovni terapevt testira otrokove zmožnosti in oceni njegove potrebe. Na osnovi ocene otroku s cerebralno paralizo priporoči uporabo prilagojenega stolčka in sedeža za izboljšanje izvedbe aktivnosti. Pripomočki za sedenje so izdelani glede na raven telesne strukture in glede na oslabljeno sposobnost sedenja. Ustrezno prilagojeni stolček vpliva na izboljšanje dihalnih sposobnosti, mišični tonus, zmanjša tveganje za nastanek skrajšav in deformacij. Pravilno sedenje izboljša stabilnost, udobnost, varnost in finomotoriko. Razprava in zaključek: V večini raziskav, ki smo jih našli v dostopni literaturi, je poudarek na pravilnem nameščanju v prilagojeni stolček in ob tem na pridobitev ustreznega zaporedja gibanja, kar omogoča samostojno aktivnost posameznika. Za pravilno nameščanje je potreben primerno prilagojen stolček, ki posledično vpliva na kakovost življenja posameznika. Žal pa je raziskav kakovosti in učinkovitosti prilagojenega sedenja malo, zato bi bilo v prihodnje nujno izvesti več študij z višjo stopnjo dokazov.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, razvoj sedenja, pravilno sedenje, otroci z okvaro živčevja, ergonomski stoli
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [B. Somrak]
• Leto izida: 2021
• Št. strani: 33 str., [4] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-127254
• UDK: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 65174531
• Datum objave v RUL: 30.05.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The use of assistive chairs by children with cerebral palsy : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is understood as a series of long-lasting disorders in the development of a child's movement and posture, due to the progressive breakdown of the developing brain of the baby or fetus, before the time of birth, during labor or in the early postnatal period. 30% of children with cerebral palsy are not able to achieve independent seating. Occupational therapists for children with cerebral palsy haverelied on assistive chairs, which are defined as modified seating devices that help improve sitting position, posture and postural control in persons with mobility disorders. Purpose: In this diploma work we wanted to investigate the normal development of seating, the development of seating in children with cerebral palsy, the importance of proper sitting positions, and the role of the occupational therapist in adapting ergonomic stools for children with cerebral palsy through a systematic review of literature. Methods: A descriptive research method was used to conduct a comprehensive review of professional, scientific, domestic and foreign literature. The articles were found in online databases; the DiKUL portal, in Google Scholar, PubMed and the COBISS reciprocal bibliographic database. Results: In clinical practice, postural control is essential for motor skills. Occupational therapists test and assess children's needs and abilities and, based on this assessment, recommend that children with cerebral palsy use custom chairs and seats to improve and enhance this activity. Sitting aids operate at a full body level and help those with impaired performance. A properly adjusted chair has the effect of improving respiratory capacity and muscle tone, reducing the risk of damage and deformity. Proper seating improves stability, comfort, safety and fine motor skills. Discussion and conclusion: In most of the research we have found in the available literature, the emphasis is on correct positioning and thus obtaining the appropriate sequence of motions that allowing for independent movement. Proper positioning requires a properly adjusted chair that has a major impact on the individual's quality of life. Unfortunately, there is a limited amount of research with a high degree of quality and efficiency in personalized seating, which may require more studies with a higher level of evidence in the future.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, occupational therapy, development of sitting, right sitting posture, children with neurological disorders, ergonomic stools