PRIPRAVLJENOST SLOVENIJE NA ONESNAŽENJE MORJA OB NESREČI LADJE CAPODISTRIA IN DANES

Ružič, Aljaž (avtor), Bajt, Oliver (mentor)

Za lažje razumevanje, s kakšnimi ekološkimi posledicami bi se srečali in kako bi morali ravnati v primeru, da bi ob ladijski nesreči v slovenskem morju prišlo do iztekanja goriva, sem v začetku magistrske naloge predstavil lastnosti morja ter podrobneje opisal značilnosti Tržaškega zaliva. Čeprav naloga obravnava samo onesnaževanje morja z nafto in derivati, sem na hitro predstavil vrste onesnaževanja, opisal procese, ki se pojavijo ob razlitju oljnega madeža v morje ter kako se madež širi in razgrajuje. Sledi ocena onesnaženosti Tržaškega zaliva z vidika vsebnosti ogljikovodikov. V nadaljevanju je s simulacijo predstavljena nesreča ladje Capodistria, kako in kam bi se oljni madež širil ter kako bi ukrepali, če bi ob nesreči res prišlo do razlitja. Priložen je tudi načrt zaščite in reševanja ob ekoloških nesrečah. Glede na to, da sem navtik, sem se osredotočil bolj na navtični del, in sicer sem skušal ugotoviti, kakšne spremembe bi lahko uvedel ladjar (Giuliana Bunkeraggi S.p.A.) oz. Slovenija, da do nesreče sploh ne bi prišlo. Ker je od omenjene ladijske nesreče minilo že tri leta, sem predstavil, s kakšnimi sredstvi smo bili opremljeni takrat, oz. s kakšnimi pomanjkljivostmi smo se srečali takrat in s katerimi se danes. V zaključnem poglavju sem predstavil promet vseh ladij, ki so vplula v slovenska pristanišča v letu 2019. S tem sem želel opozoriti, da imamo v slovenskem morju zelo gost ladijski promet, z njim pa tudi veliko možnost za ladijsko nesrečo. Ravno zaradi tega razloga sem v magistrski nalogi navedel nekaj preventivnih rešitev, s katerimi bi lahko preprečili oz. povečali pripravljenost na ladijsko nesrečo in posledičnim onesnaženjem morskega okolja. Magistrsko nalogo sem zaključil s spoznanji, kako smo bili na takšno onesnaževanje pripravljeni v času nesreče ladje Capodistria in kako smo danes. Ugotovil sem, da se je stanje v Sloveniji izboljšalo, med drugim smo pridobili tudi novo ekološko plovilo. Uprava za pomorstvo je zaposlila pristaniškega kapitana, ki bo pri takšnih nesrečah odigral zelo pomembno vlogo. Z novo stavbo Uprave za pomorstvo naj bi do konca letošnjega leta pridobili novo opremo za nadzor ladijskega prometa. Z omenjenimi pridobitvami bi v primeru onesnaženja ukrepali veliko hitreje, kar je zelo pomembno, saj bi tako oljni madež odstranili hitreje, z manj posledicami in manjšo možnostjo, da madež doseže obalo. Velika pomanjkljivost pa se je pokazala z izgubo ladje Marina N., ki je bila v času nesreče ladje Capodistria v stalni pripravljenosti na onesnaževanje za celotno Jadransko morje in bi prav ona lahko odigrala pomembno vlogo pri takšnih onesnaženjih.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Tržaški zaliv, ladja Capodistria, onesnaževanje morja, pomorske nesreče
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FPP - Fakulteta za pomorstvo in promet
• Leto izida: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-120600
• Datum objave v RUL: 23.09.2020

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: READINESS OF SLOVENIA FOR MARINE POLLUTION AT THE TIME OF VESSEL CAPODISTRIA ACCIDENT AND TODAY

Izvleček

For a better understanding of what ecological consequences we would encounter and how we should act if the fuel flowed out in the event of a ship accident in the Slovenian sea, I presented the properties of the sea and described in detail the characteristics of the Gulf of Trieste at the beginning of my master's thesis. Although this thesis deals only with the pollution of the sea with oil and derivatives, I briefly presented the types of pollution, described the processes that occur when an oil slick spills into the sea, and how the slick spreads and decomposes, followed by an assessment of the pollution of the Gulf of Trieste in terms of hydrocarbon content. Further on, I presented a simulation of the oil tanker Capodistria accident, how and where the oil slick would spread, and how to act if a spill would occur in this particular incident. Given that I am a sailor, I primarily focused on the nautical aspect and tried to determine what changes could have been introduced either by the shipowner (Giuliana Bunkeraggi S.p.A) or by Slovenia to prevent the accident. As three years have passed since the mentioned incident, I presented the means that were at our disposal and the shortcomings we encountered at that time, and what deficiencies we are facing today. In the final chapter, I presented the traffic of all ships that entered Slovenian ports in 2019. With that, I wanted to point out that we have very dense shipping traffic in the Slovenian sea, which enhances the chance of a shipwreck. For this reason, I have listed some preventive solutions that could avert or increase readiness for a shipwreck and the consequent pollution of the marine environment. I completed my master's thesis with discoverings about how we were prepared for such pollution at the time of the Capodistria shipwreck and how we are prepared for it today. I learned that the situation in Slovenia has improved. Among other things, we also acquired a new ecological vessel. The Slovenian Maritime Administration employed a port captain, who will play a very important role in such incidents. Alongside the new building of the Maritime Administration, supposedly new equipment for ship traffic control will be acquired by the end of this year. With these acquisitions, we would be able to act much faster in the event of pollution, which is extremely important, as it would remove the oil slick faster, with fewer consequences and with a lesser chance of the slick reaching the shore. The loss of the ship Marina N., which was in constant readiness for pollution for the entire Adriatic Sea at the time of the Capodistria accident, has shown as a big downside because this particular ship could play an important role in such types of pollution.

• Ključne besede: Gulf of Trieste, vessel Capodistria, marine pollution, ship accidents