Prilagoditve stanovanj za osebe z demenco

Korošec, Natalija (avtor), Filipovič Hrast, Maša (mentor)

Magistrska naloga obravnava tematiko prilagoditve stanovanj za osebe z demenco, ki živijo v svojem domačem okolju. Pri diagnozi demence gre za širok pojem, zato sem ob tem želela zajeti tudi osebni vidik primarnih oskrbovalcev glede procesa skrbi za osebo z demenco na domu. Iz tega vidika sem dobila celoten vpogled v življenje oskrbovalcev oseb z demenco. V teoretskem delu sem opisala splošne prilagoditve stanovanj v starosti, inovacije za osebe z demenco, temo demence kot diagnoze, dolgotrajno oskrbo ljudi z demenco, s poudarkom na storitvah pomoči na domu. Opisana je tudi vloga socialnega dela kot stroke v omenjeni temi naloge. Glede na omenjen vidik primarnih oskrbovalcev sem vključila temo družine kot oporo osebi z demenco ter posledično podporo družini pri skrbi za osebo z demenco. Opravljena raziskava je kvalitativna, eksplorativna in empirična. Podatke sem zbrala z metodo spraševanja, z intervjuji. V pomoč mi je bil delno strukturiran vprašalnik, kjer sem imela določene tri glavne teme, ki me zanimajo. Vprašalnik je tako posegal na tri področja – začetek bolezni, trenutno stanje osebe z demenco ter vloga društev, centrov za socialno delo in države. Opravila sem pet intervjujev s primarnimi oskrbovalci in en intervju s predstavnikom društva Spominčica. Rezultati, ki so relevantni za moja raziskovalna vprašanja, se nanašajo na konkretne spremembe, ki so jih svojci uvedli na domu osebe z demenco ter vlogo podpornih organizacij pri omenjenih spremembah. Na podlagi izvedenih intervjujev ugotavljam, da so svojci uvedli nekaj sprememb, predvsem iz varnostnih razlogov in zato, da bo njim in osebam z demenco lažji vsakdan. Pri tem gre za spremembe v kopalnici, kot je uvedba prhe namesto kadi in uporaba stola za pomoč pri umivanju. V spalnih prostorih so prilagodili postelje ter umaknili pohištvo. V dveh primerih je bilo potrebno priskrbeti sobno dvigalo za premikanje osebe, saj sta osebi nepokretni. Pomembna sprememba so tudi ukrepi, kot je umik ovir na tleh, ki zmanjšajo nevarnost padca. Prilagoditev se kaže tudi v uvedbi varnostne ograje pri stopnicah in uporabo luči, ki se samodejno ugašajo. Le pri eni osebi doma niso spreminjali ničesar. Uvedbe IKT pripomočkov oskrbovalci niso navajali in prav tako niso izrazili želje po vpeljavi le teh. Podporna društva, ki se aktivno ukvarjajo s problematiko demence, svojcem svetujejo glede konkretnih prilagoditev stanovanja, ki jih zanimajo. Obenem jim svetujejo tudi uporabo IKT pripomočkov, pri čemer pa zaznavajo nemalo težav pri vpeljavi le teh. Glede na navedeno sem oblikovala predloge, kot so ozaveščanje javnosti o pripomočkih, ki bi osebam z demenco olajšali vsakdan, ozaveščanje o informacijskih in komunikacijskih tehnologijah, saj menim, da jim ljudje ne zaupajo dovolj. Prav tako je pomembna tudi večja prepoznavnost in poznavanje delovanja podpornih društev, da svojci vedo, kam se lahko obrnejo po pomoč, kadar so v stiski ali potrebujejo nasvet, kako bi osebi z demenco olajšali vsakdan. V raziskovalnem delu naloge sem dobila obsežne rezultate, s katerimi sem oblikovala več predlogov, ki bi bili relevantni za tematiko oseb z demenco na domu in povezano skrbjo. Gre za načrte za razvoj celostne pomoči, ki bi vključevali prostorske prilagoditve, ljudem bolj približat tehnološke rešitve, ki jim lahko dodatno pomagajo pri oskrbi, financiranje posodobitev doma in pripomočkov za oskrbo oseb z demenco, večja angažiranost države, da ceni delo primarnih oskrbovalcev. Zaskrbljujoč podatek je bil tudi majhno sodelovanje socialnih delavcev s primarnimi oskrbovalci oseb z demenco na domu.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Bivalno okolje, inovacije, demenca, primarni oskrbovalci, podpora, socialno delo.
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FSD - Fakulteta za socialno delo
• Leto izida: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-117147
• Datum objave v RUL: 25.06.2020

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Housing Adaptations for People with Dementia

Izvleček

The master's thesis is about housing adaptations for people with dementia that live in their home environment. The diagnosis of dementia is a broad concept, so I wanted to cover the whole personal perspective of the primary caregivers in all this process of caring for a person with dementia. From this perspective, I have gained a complete insight into the lives of people with dementia care. In the theoretical part, I have described the housing adaptations for the old people in general, innovations for people with dementia, the topic of dementia as a diagnosis, long-term care for people with dementia with the emphasis on home care services. There is also described the role of social work as a stroke. Given the complete aspect of primary caregives, I have included the topic of family as a support for people with dementia. Also important is the support for the family in the process of caring for a person with dementia. The research that I have done is qualitative, exploratory and empirical. I have got my results through a questioning method. For this purpose, I have used a semi-structured interview. In my interviews, I was interested in three main topics – the beginning of the dementia, the current state of the person with dementia and the role of Centers for Social Work, state and supporting organizations. I interviewed five primary caregivers and one representative of the Spominčica organisation. The main results that I have to be focused on, are consulting the changes that primary caregivers have made at their home and what is the role of the supporting organisations in this case. Results showed that primary caregivers made quite a few adaptations and changes which are showed as changes in the bathroom – a shower instead of a bathtub. There was also a change of sleeping beds and removing furniture from rooms. The high risk in houses are also falls, so family members has removed any barriers on the floor, like rugs. Results showed that only one person did not make any changes or adaptations. Innovations like ICT (Information and Communications Technology) are not much common in use, because it seems like family members do not have much trust in technology nowadays. Supporting organizations for dementia advise family members on the specific housing adaptations that they are interested in. They advise about the use of ICT, but they have already detected a problem with it also. After all the informations I got, I have formulated suggestions such as raising public awareness about devices and gadgets that would make it easier for people with dementia, to raise awareness of ICT. It is important for supporting organizations to be more recognisable for people, so they would know where to get help and what they can do for a person with dementia to make their life easier. An additional suggestions that are relevant to the topic of this master's thesis are plans to develop holistic assistance that includes house adaptations, bring technology solutions closer to caregivers, funding house adaptations and dementia care facilities. Also important is increased involvement of the state to appreciate the work of primary caregivers and to recognize their care. The amount of cooperation of social workers with primary caregivers of people with dementia at home is minimal and that should be a concern for us.

• Ključne besede: Living environment, innovations, dementia, primary caregivers, support, social work.