Seksizem v tuji popularni glasbi v šestdesetih letih dvajsetega in v drugem desetletju enaindvajsetega stoletja : diplomsko delo

Jordan, Vita (avtor), Poštrak, Milko (mentor)

V diplomski nalogi sem raziskovala, na kakšen način se je izražal seksizem do žensk v besedilih najpogosteje poslušanih tujih pesmi iz obdobja šestdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja in na kakšen način se je izražal seksizem do žensk v besedilih najpogosteje poslušanih tujih pesmi iz obdobja drugega desetletja enaindvajsetega stoletja ter kakšne so razlike v izražanju seksizma med obema obdobjema. Odločila sem se za kvalitativno vrsto raziskave, saj so me zanimali besedni opisi in ne številke. V teoretičnem delu najprej pojasnim pojme, s katerimi v nalogi operiram. Začnem z opredelitvijo spola in odnosov med spoloma, nato nadaljujem z opredelitvijo seksizma, ki je osrednja tematika moje naloge. Svojo pozornost namenim tudi emancipacijskim procesom v zgodovini in položaju žensk v naši družbi. Pod drobnogled vzamem tudi kulturni kontekst emancipatornih procesov in popularno kulturo. Dotaknem se pojma popularna glasba in na kratko pojasnim distinkcijo med pop in rock zvrstjo. Za mojo tematiko sta izjemno pomembna tudi položaj žensk v popularni glasbi in obravnava le-teh v besedilih popularne glasbe, zato se v teoretskem uvodu posvečam tudi tema dvema vsebinama. V empiričnem delu predstavim rezultate raziskave, v sklopu katere sem analizirala sto najpogosteje poslušanih tujih pesmi iz obdobja šestdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja in sto najpogosteje poslušanih tujih pesmi iz obdobja drugega desetletja enaindvajsetega stoletja – skupno dvesto pesmi. Način izražanja seksizma do žensk je razviden že iz tem, ki sem jih obravnavala med analizo. Ob tem se pojavita tudi primera stereotipizacije moškega in seksizma do moškega spola. Ugotovila sem, da se v pesmih šesdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja pojavijo teme: stereotipizacija ženskega spola, želja po ženski ubogljivosti in stereotipizacija moškega spola, v drugem desetletju enaindvajsetega stoletja pa teme: spolna objektifikacija, podrejanje ženske v odnosu, nasilje, želja po ženski ubogljivosti, želja po nadvladi moškega spola, zaničevanje ženskega spola in stereotipizacija ženskega spola. V obdobju drugega desetletja enaindvajsetega stoletja je tudi primer, povezan s seksizmom do moškega spola: spolna objektifikacija. Bistvenih razlik v izražanju seksizma med obema obdobjema žal nisem mogla natančno opredeliti, saj je bilo na prvih mestih lestvic šesdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja premalo gradiva za analizo, vključno z majhnim številom seksističnih izrazov; teh je bilo veliko več v besedilih najpogosteje poslušanih tujih pesmi iz obdobja drugega desetletja enaindvajsetega stoletja. Ugotovila sem, da so ženske, kljub dolgoletnemu boju za pravice, danes še vedno žrtve različnih oblik seksizma – tudi v glasbi. Seksizem se najpogosteje izraža skozi spolno objektifikacijo, zaničevanje in stereotipizacijo, ženske so postavljene v podrejeno vlogo, so žrtve nasilja, od njih pa se pogosto pričakuje, da bodo ubogljive in ponižne. Moški izražajo tudi željo po nadvladi lastnega spola. Tekom raziskave so se odprla mnoga nova vprašanja, na podlagi katerih v predlogih izpostavim relevantnost nadaljnjega raziskovanja tega področja.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: spol, odnosi med spoloma, popularna glasba
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: FSD - Fakulteta za socialno delo
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Leto izida: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-117070
• COBISS.SI-ID: 22643971
• Datum objave v RUL: 23.06.2020

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Sexism in foreign popular music in the sixties of the twentieth century and the second decade of the twenty-first century

Izvleček

In my diploma thesis I researched how sexism was expressed in the lyrics of the foreign songs most frequently listened to in the 1960s and how it was expressed in the lyrics of the foreign songs most frequently listened to in the 2010s. I further researched the differences in expressing sexism between the two eras. I opted for the qualitative type of research, as I was interested in verbal descriptions rather than numbers. The theoretical part begins by dealing with concepts used in my thesis. In the beginning I start by defining gender and gender relations. I then proceed by defining sexism as the central issue of my thesis. Much attention is devoted to emancipation processes in the history and societal position of women. The cultural context of emancipatory processes and popular culture is also carefully scrutinized. I touch upon the concept of popular music and explain the distinction between pop and rock genre in short. The societal position of women in popular music and the way they are dealt with in the lyrics of popular music are extremely important; the theoretical introduction therefore also covers both topics. The empirical part of my thesis presents the results of the research, during which I analysed one hundred foreign songs most frequently listened to in the 1960s and one hundred songs most frequently listened to in the 2010s – 200 songs altogether. The manner of how sexism is expressed towards women is apparent from the topics covered throughout my analysis. This presents the case of stereotyping men and sexism expressed towards men. It was determined that the songs in the 1960s deal with the following topics: stereotyping women, desire for female obedience and stereotyping men. In the 2010s the topics deal with sexual objectification, a woman submitting in a relationship, violence, desire for female obedience, desire for male domination, expressing contempt for women and stereotyping women. In the 2010s the topic of sexual objectification of men also occurs. Unfortunately, fundamental differences in expressing sexism between both eras could not be accurately defined, as the songs in music charts in the 1960s offered insufficient material to provide analysis. Furthermore, the number of sexist expressions was too scarce. In 2010s, however, there were quite many sexist expressions in the lyrics of the songs most frequently listened to. Despite a long lasting fight for rights, the women nowadays are still the victims of different types of sexism – in music as well. They are most commonly exposed to sexual objectification, contempt and stereotyping; moreover, they are placed in inferior position and remain victims of violence. Women are often expected to be obedient and submissive. Men express their desire for gender domination. During my research a number of new issues emerged, according to which the relevance of subsequent research of this particular field is emphasized by the suggestions provided.

• Ključne besede: gender, gender relations, popular music