SIDRANJE RO-RO IN POTNIŠKIH LADIJ

Kreslin, Marko (avtor), Androjna, Andrej (mentor)

V diplomski nalogi se lotevam obravnave sidranja RO-RO in potniških ladij ter proučujem sestavne dele sidrnega sistema in načine sidranje samih RO-RO in potniških ladij. Sidranje je namenjeno ohranjanju položaja ladje na določeni poziciji izven pristanišča, brez pomoči pogona in uporabe krmila. Pri sidranju RO-RO in potniških ladij je treba paziti na čvrstost sidra, saj ladje z velikimi stranskimi površinami nadvodja delujejo na veter kot jadro, kar pomeni, da imajo nanje veter in vremenski pogoji zelo velik vpliv. Za sidranje ladij se uporablja sidrni sistem, katerega glavni element je sidro. Pomožni elementi sidrnega sistema so: sidrna veriga, sidrni vitel, skladišče sidrne verige, vodilo in sklopka. Tehnike, ki se uporabljajo pri sidranju, so z enim ali dvema sidroma. Pri sidranju se ladja postavi v veter, odvrže eno ali dve sidri in se z vetrom spusti. Ko je spuščena zadostna količina verige, se veriga zategne in ladja zaustavi. Če sidro ne drži, je treba postopek sidranja ponoviti. RO-RO ladje se po navadi ne sidrajo, saj so linijske ladje in imajo večinoma zagotovljen takojšnji privez v pristanišču. Lahko pa sidro uporabljajo kot dodatek pri vezanju s krmo na pomol, kar imenujemo mediteranski privez. Tudi potniške ladje se le redko sidrajo, saj se običajno natančno držijo urnika in imajo v pristanišču zagotovljen privez. Sidrajo se le, če so prevelike za pristanišče oziroma križarijo na območju, kjer ni zagotovljenih privezov za takšne ladje in morajo sidrati pred pristaniščem ter izkrcavati potnike s tako imenovanimi tenderji, pomožnimi čolni. Ko smo na sidru, se straža ne prekine, ampak se nadaljuje. V tem procesu je izjemno pomembno nenehno preverjanje pozicije, opazovanje okolice in ladij v bližini ter poslušanje radijske zveze. Ladja na sidru mora biti pravilno označena, saj s tem opozarja druge ladje na svojo pozicijo. Dnevna oznaka je izobešena črna krogla na premčnem jamboru, nočna oznaka pa bela luč na istem mestu, torej na premčnem jamboru, vidna iz vseh strani. Zelo zanimivo se mi je zdelo mnenje kapitana RO-RO ladje, gospoda Roka Šusterja, ki pravi: »RO-RO ladje ne sidrajo. Sidro imajo le še za okras.« V tej nalogi sem raziskoval, ali to drži, pri čemer sem odgovore poskušal najti v teoretičnih delih in člankih ter v pogovoru z izkušenimi sogovorniki, predavatelji, mentorji in pomorščaki.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: sidranje, sidro, »Roll on/Roll off« ladje, potniške ladje
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FPP - Fakulteta za pomorstvo in promet
• Leto izida: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-114831
• Datum objave v RUL: 17.03.2020

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: ANCHORAGE OF RO-RO AND PASSENGER SHIPS

Izvleček

In this undergraduate thesis I wrote about anchoring of RO-RO and passenger ships, the components of the anchoring system and ways how to anchor the ship. The anchorage is meant to hold the ship in one position, outside of a port, without using the ships engine or ruder. By anchoring of the RO-RO and passenger ships we need to be careful that the anchor holds, because these ships have large freeboard which performs as a sail and wind and weather have a large effect on it. For anchorage of the ship is used an anchorage system, for which the main part is an anchor. Auxiliary elements of anchorage system are: anchor chain, anchor winch, chain locker, hawse pipe and stopper. Technics of anchorage are with one or two anchors. While anchoring the ship turns into the wind, drops one or two anchors and rolls down the wind. When there is enough anchor chain dropped, we tide up the stopper and stop the ship. If the anchor does not hold, we need to do the entire manoeuvre once again. RO-RO vessels normally do not anchor, because they are liner ships and always have a place in the port. RO-RO ships can use their anchor in the port as a supplement to the mooring with the stern to the pier. This is called the Mediterranean mooring. Passenger ships also do not anchor a lot because they are on time and have a free pier space in the port. They are anchoring only if they are too big to be docked in the port or if they are cruising in areas where there are no docking facilities for such ships and they need to anchor outside of the port, so they can drop off passengers via tender boats. When we are on anchor the bridge watch is still going. We need to check our position all the time, we need to look out and look for neighbour vessels and listen to the radio stations. The ship on anchor needs to be correctly marked so other vessels can see that we are on anchor. The daily marker is a black sphere on the bow mast and the night marker is a white light, that can be seen from all sides, on the same place. I find the fact that I’ve heard from RO-RO ship captain Rok Šušter very interesting. He said, that »RO-RO ship does not anchor. They have the anchor just for decoration.”.

• Ključne besede: Anchorage, Anchor, Roll on/Roll off ships, Passenger ships