Nowadays, obesity and type 2 diabetes, often associated with it,are amongst the most widespread health disorders. According to the World Health Organisation, 13 % of the world adult population is obese and 39 % is overweight;8 %suffer from type 2 diabetes. Currently, treatment that would efficiently cureor even prevent both diseases without having systemicand/orcentral effects simultaneouslydoes not exist. Being one of a fewgeneswith the proven role in maintaining metabolic health, Tst manifestsa very interestingpotential therapeutic target. High Tst expressionhas been proven tocorrelate withlow fat massand with low blood glucose levels in mice as well as in humans. Based on thesecorrelations, we triedto activate Tst expression in mouse cell line NIH3T3by using CRISPR/dCas9-VPR system. Firstly,target DNA sequence for sgRNA binding was chosenbased on the regulatory regions in Tst locus. According tothe chosen target sequence, sgRNA was designed. By successful cleavage of the target DNA in vitro and in the cellular environment, we showedthat designed sgRNA is able to bind target DNA sequence. By using activationcomplex dCas9-VPR, expressed from vector pCMV-dCas9:NLS:VPR, wesuccessfully activated Oct4 transcription and therefore provedthat this activationcomplex works well in NIH3T3 cell line.Having both components tested, we tried to activate transcription of Tst by transfecting NIH3T3 cells with thedesigned sgRNA and vectorpCMV-dCas9:NLS:VPR. Unfortunately, nosignificant change in gene expressionwas observed. Lack of activation mighthavebeenthe consequence ofvery poor transfection efficiency and/or wrong choice of the target DNA region and/orlack of constitutive expression of sgRNA, since the cellswere transfected with sgRNA in synthetic formand/or lack of transcription factor(s) required for Tst expression in NIH3T3cell line.DespiteunsuccessfulTstactivation,we believe that our work providesgood basis for additional attempts of Tst–andpotentially some other gene –expression activation using CRISPR/dCas9 systemand therefore for the developmentof treatments for obesity,type 2diabetes and some other diseases that couldbe treated by genetic manipulations.
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