Vpliv plastičnih tekstilnih mikrovlaken na strupenost insekticida klorpirifos za kopenske rake enakonožce

Perc, Valentina (avtor), Jemec Kokalj, Anita (mentor)

Mikroplastika je onesnaževalec, ki okolju predstavlja vse večjo grožnjo. Tekstilna plastična mikrovlakna predstavljajo glavni vir kopičenja mikroplastike, ki se v tla v največji meri sproščajo preko odpadnega blata iz čistilnih naprav. Poleg teh onesnažil so v tleh prisotna tudi druga onesnažila, kot so na primer fitofarmacevtska sredstva. Ker je plastika sposobna vezave organskih snovi, smo z raziskavo želeli ugotoviti učinek kombinacije mikroplastike in pesticidov na kopenske rake enakonožce vrste Porcellio scaber. Kopenske rake enakonožce smo za obdobje 3 tednov izpostavili zemlji, ki smo jo tretirali samo z insekticidom klorpirifos (CPF) ter kombinacijo CPF in nizke (0.05 %) ter visoke (0.5 %) koncentracije tekstilnih plastičnih mikrovlaken (15 ̶ 1288 µm). Spremljali smo smrtnost, prehranjevanje in rast ter encimsko aktivnost (acetilholinesteraza in glutation S-transferaza) rakov enakonožcev. Rezultati so pokazali, da sama plastična vlakna na rake niso imela vpliva. CPF zniža preživetje rakov in aktivnost preučevanih encimov, na količino zaužite hrane in spremembo mase živali pa vpliva ni bilo. Ob dodatku plastičnih mikrovlaken k CPF se je smrtnost testnih organizmov zmanjšala, prehranjevanje se je povečalo in v manjši meri tudi masa živali. Domnevamo, da vlakna zmanjšajo dostopnost CPF organizmom, kar so potrdili predvsem rezultati meritev aktivnosti acetilholinesteraze, ki je bila v prisotnosti mikrovlaken manj inhibirana. Zaključujemo, da ima kombinirana izpostavitev pesticida CPF in tekstilnih mikrovlaken na kopenske rake manjši učinek kot v primeru posamične izpostavitve samo pesticidu.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Porcellio scaber, kopenski rak, klorpirifos, mikroplastika, tekstilna mikrovlakna
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-113387
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5326159
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.12.2019

PERC, Valentina, 2019, Vpliv plastičnih tekstilnih mikrovlaken na strupenost insekticida klorpirifos za kopenske rake enakonožce [na spletu]. Magistrsko delo. [Dostopano 4 april 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=113387

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effect of plastic textile microfibers on the toxicity of insecticide chlorpyrifos for terrestrial isopods

Izvleček

Microplastics is a pollutant which represent a growing threat to the environment. Plastic textile microfibers are the main source of microplastic accumulation, which is mostly released through the sewage sludge. In addition to this pollutant, there are other pollutants in the soil, such as plant protection products. Plastics is capable to adsorbe organic matter, therefore we wanted to determine the combined effect of microplastics and pesticides on terrestrial isopods Porcellio scaber. For 3 weeks terrestrial isopods were exposed to soil treated with insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and combination of CPF and low (0.05 %) and high (0.5 %) concentrations of plastic textile microfibers (15 ̶ 1288 µm length). Mortality, feeding activity, biomass change and enzyme activity (acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase) of terrestrial isopods were monitored. The results showed that the plastic fibers themselves had no effect on crustaceans. CPF however, reduced the survival and activity of the enzymes and had no effect on the amount of consumed food and biomass change. After adding plastic microfibers to CPF, the mortality of test organisms decreased, however the amount of consumed food and biomass change has increased. We suppose that fibers reduced the availability of CPF to organisms, as the results of acetylcholinesterase activity measurements confirmed. Acetylcholinesterase was less inhibited in the presence of microfibers. We conclude that combined exposure of pesticide CPF and textile microfibers to terrestrial crustaceans has smaller effect than in the case of single exposure to the pesticide alone.

• Ključne besede: Porcellio scaber, terrestrial isopod, chlorpyrifos, microplastic, textile microfibers