Financiranje s strani tretjih v mednarodni gospodarski arbitraži in njegov vpliv na konflikt interesov arbitrov

Kotnik Jesih, Timotej (avtor), Galič, Aleš (mentor)

Financiranje s strani tretjih oseb (TPF) je v mednarodni gospodarski arbitraži nov pojav, ki je vse bolj pogost ter vedno bolj reguliran. K taki obliki financiranja se zateka vse več strank, med katerimi niso samo take, ki si stroškov arbitraže ne morejo privoščiti, ampak tudi premožnejše, ki le želijo ohraniti neovirano poslovanje kljub udeležbi v arbitraži. TPF se od ostalih oblik financiranja sporov razlikuje predvsem po tem, da je financer udeležen tako pri dobičku kot pri izgubi – če stranka spor izgubi, financer svojega vložka ne dobi povrnjenega. Uporaba TPF v postopku ima več pozitivnih kot negativnih učinkov, pri čemer prevlada omogočanje dostopa do pravice manj premožnim strankam. Za ustrezno obravnavo problematik, povezanih s pojavom TPF, kot je denimo vprašanje konfliktov interesov arbitrov, je potrebno pojav ustrezno definirati – najustreznejša je široka definicija, ki zajame tudi oblike financiranja, ki imajo enak učinek, kot TPF. Za presojanje konfliktov interesov arbitrov v mednarodni gospodarski arbitraži je potrebno vsako potencialno problematično situacijo pogledati z vidika standarda za izključitev arbitrov, ki je v arbitražnih pravilih vsebovan. Večina vodilnih arbitražnih pravil vsebuje standard utemeljenega dvoma o arbitrovi nepristranskosti in neodvisnosti. Povezave med arbitri in financerji lahko pripeljejo do izpolnitve takšnega standarda, zaradi česar se v mednarodni gospodarski arbitraži vse bolj zahteva vnaprejšnje razkritje prisotnosti TPF. Takšna pravila o obveznosti razkritja vsebujejo tako nekatere nacionalne zakonodaje kakor tudi arbitražna pravila in nekatera pravila mehkega prava. Na koncu magistrske diplomske naloge se avtor ozre v prihodnost in poda predlog za bodočo enotno ureditev obveznosti razkritja TPF. Pri tem se zavzema za ozko razkritje, pri katerem se v največji možni meri ohrani zaupnost razmerja med financerjem in financirano stranko.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: financiranje s strani tretjih (TPF), mednarodna gospodarska arbitraža, financiranje sporov, financer, financirana stranka, konflikt interesov arbitrov, standard za izključitev, obveznost razkritja, arbitražna pravila, enotna ureditev
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: PF - Pravna fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-112807
• COBISS.SI-ID: 17036881
• Datum objave v RUL: 14.11.2019

KOTNIK JESIH, Timotej, 2019, Financiranje s strani tretjih v mednarodni gospodarski arbitraži in njegov vpliv na konflikt interesov arbitrov [na spletu]. Magistrsko delo. [Dostopano 3 maj 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=112807

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Third Party Funding in International Commercial Arbitration and its Impact on Arbitrators’ Conflict of Interests

Izvleček

Third Party Funding (TPF) is a relatively new phenomenon in international commercial arbitration. It is also increasingly popular and regulated. Parties to arbitrations are ever so inclined to take advantage of TPF, which does not apply only to the financially struggling ones, but to wealthier ones as well, as they wish to conduct their business normally, despite being a party to the arbitration proceedings. TPF differs from other forms of dispute funding in that the funder shares not only the profits, but the losses as well – if the funded party loses the dispute, funder’s investment is lost. TPF brings more positives than negatives into the world of arbitration, with its most prominent feature being enabling the parties to have access to justice. To address issues related to TPF, such as arbitrators’ conflict of interests, adequately, it has to be properly defined – a broad definition of TPF, which covers funding methods with same effects as TPF, is the most appropriate one. In order to assess arbitrators’ conflicts of interest in international commercial arbitration, any potentially problematic situation must be viewed in the light of the standard for the disqualification of arbitrators contained in arbitration rules. Most leading arbitration rules contain the standard of a reasonable doubt as to the arbitrator's impartiality and independence. Connections between arbitrators and funders may meet such disqualification standard, which is why disclosure of TPF is increasingly required in international commercial arbitration. Such rules on disclosure obligation are contained in national laws, as well as arbitration rules, and certain soft law rules. At the end of the master's thesis, the author looks into the future and proposes a uniform regulation of disclosure obligation. In doing so, author advocates for a narrow disclosure, which preserves the confidentiality of the funder-funded party relationship as much as possible.

• Ključne besede: Third Party Funding (TPF), international commercia arbitration, dispute funding, funder, funded party, arbitrators’ conflict of interest, disqualification standard, disclosure obligation, arbitration rules, uniform regulatory mechanism