VPLIV SIMETRIJE TELESNIH ZNAČILNOSTI NA OHRANJANJE IN VZPOSTAVLJANJE RAVNOTEŽNEGA POLOŽAJA – STOJE NA NOGAH : doktorska disertacija

Kašček Bučinel, Ana (avtor), Čuk, Ivan (mentor), Supej, Matej (komentor)

Namen doktorskega dela je bil ugotoviti, ali simetrija telesa vpliva na ohranjanje ravnotežja pri različnih pogojih, in sicer ali simetrija telesa vpliva na stojo, kjer imamo na razpolago vsa čutila, na stojo z izvzetim vidom, na stojo z izvzetim sluhom ter na stojo po motnji ravnotežnega organa s pomočjo obračanja telesa v sedu v smeri in v nasprotni smeri urinega kazalca. Ugotavljali smo, ali ima simetrija telesa vpliv na razliko v sili med levo in desno nogo pri ohranjanju ravnotežja in ali ima vpliv na ohranjanje ravnotežja v smeri levo-desno ter v smeri naprej-nazaj. Prav tako nas je zanimalo, ali simetrija telesa vpliva na vzpostavljanje ravnotežja. Tudi pri vzpostavljanju ravnotežja smo raziskovali, ali vpliva simetrija telesa na stojo, na stojo z izvzetim vidom, na stojo z izvzetim sluhom ter na stojo po motnji ravnotežnega organa s pomočjo obračanja telesa v sedu v smeri in v nasprotni smeri urinega kazalca. Vse meritve vzpostavljanja ravnotežja so bile opravljene po skoku z višine 25 cm. Ugotavljali smo, ali ima simetrija telesa vpliv na razliko v sili med levo in desno nogo pri vzpostavljanju ravnotežja in ali ima vpliv na vzpostavljanje ravnotežja v smeri levo-desno ter v smeri naprej-nazaj. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 29 merjencev, študentov prvega letnika Fakultete za šport, povprečne starosti 19,9 let ± 1,5 let, povprečne višine 183,1 cm ± 7,1 cm in povprečne telesne mase 79,3 kg ± 8,5 kg. Meritve so potekale v dveh sklopih. Prvi sklop predstavljajo meritve telesnih značilnosti, in sicer telesne sestave z napravo InBody 720, telesnih obsegov in višin s 3D čitalcem (NX-16 3D Body Scanner) ter slike podplata. Drugi sklop meritev zajema meritve ohranjanja in vzpostavljanja ravnotežja, in sicer s pomočjo pritiskovnih senzorjev z napravo PedarX ter 3D kinematike z napravo OptiTrack v 120 trio. Merjenci so opravili 10 različnih meritev, vsako po 30 sekund in jih trikrat ponovili. 5 meritev je bilo meritev ohranjanja, 5 pa vzpostavljanja ravnotežja. Ugotavljamo, da so za boljše ravnotežje, ko govorimo o poti središča pritiska, ključnega pomena simetrije nog, natančneje dolžina stopala ter pusta masa nog, kot pomembne pa se nakazujejo tudi asimetrije rok, in sicer obseg nadlahti ter pusta masa rok. Opažamo tudi razlike med vplivom telesnih simetrij na ohranjanje in vzpostavljanje ravnotežja. Simetrije telesa namreč različno vplivajo na stojo, kjer imamo na voljo vse čutne sisteme v primerjavi s stojo, pri kateri imamo izvzet določen čutni sistem ali motnjo ravnotežnega organa glede na to, ali ravnotežje ohranjamo ali ga vzpostavljamo. Izjema pa je stoja z izvzetim sluhom, kjer teh razlik ne moremo potrditi. Človek pri ohranjanju ravnotežja lažje nadzoruje svoje telo in asimetrije telesa ne igrajo bistvene vloge, ko pa pride do motenj ravnotežja, že samo do motnje ravnotežnega organa, ima asimetrično telo težjo nalogo. Pri vzpostavljanju ravnotežja, ki je že zahtevnejša oblika ravnotežja, so simetrije telesa bistvenega pomena. Ker pa je človeško telo v raznih športih le redko popolnoma pri miru, je za športnika pomembno, da ima simetrično grajeno telo, ki mu bo bolje služilo pri vzpostavljanju ravnotežja.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: simetrija telesa, ohranjanje ravnotežja, vzpostavljanje ravnotežja, izvzet vid, izvzet sluh, motnja ravnotežnega organa
• Vrsta gradiva: Doktorsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.08 - Doktorska disertacija
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-112735
• COBISS.SI-ID: 302918656
• Datum objave v RUL: 10.11.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: THE EFFECT OF BODY SYMMETRY ON ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING STANDING BALANCE

Izvleček

The aim of the doctoral thesis was to determine whether body symmetry affects standing balance under various conditions; when being able to use all the senses, when deprived of vision, when deprived of hearing or with disrupted balance after having been subject to clockwise and counterclockwise movement in the seating position. The research focused on whether body symmetry affects the ground reaction force between the left and the right leg in maintaining balance and whether this subsequently affects maintaining balance when moving left-right and forth-back. Furthermore, the research looked into the effects of body symmetry on establishing body balance; standing balance, standing balance with deprived vision, standing balance with deprived hearing and standing balance after the disruption of the balance organ through a clockwise and counterclockwise body movement in the seating position. Every measurement related to establishing body balance was taken after a jump from a height of 25 cm. The goal of the experiment was to determine whether body symmetry has an effect on the difference in the ground reaction force between the left and the right leg when establishing standing balance and whether it has an effect on establishing balance when moving left-right and forth-back. Twenty-nine students attending first year at the Faculty of Sports participated in the research. Their average age was 19,862 ± 1,457, average height was 183,055 cm ± 7,055 cm and average weight was 79,283 kg ± 8,519 kg. Measurements were collected in two stages. The first part included morphological measurements collected by means of the InBody 720 system, body girth and height measurements collected with the 3D body scanner system (NX-16 3D Body Scanner) and scans of the soles. The second stage featured body balance maintenance tests measured by means of pressure sensors PedarX, while 3D kinematics were measured with the OptiTrack v 120 trio device. Participants were subject to ten different measurements, each measurement lasting 30 seconds and repeated three times. Five measurements were related to maintaining balance, while the other five measurements were related to establishing balance. Results show that in relation to center of pressure leg symmetry - the length of the foot and lean mass of the leg to be exact – is of utmost importance for body balance. We can say the same for the asymmetry of arms – upper arm girth and lean mass of the arm – which was proven to be an important morphological characteristic for better body balance. Research also shows that body symmetries have a different effect on establishing and maintaining standing balance with all sensory perceptions active in comparison to standing balance with a sensory perception impaired or after an induced disruption of the balance organ. However, differences could not be confirmed in standing balance with impaired hearing. A person is more adept to control their body when trying to maintain balance, thus body asymmetries play a minor role in such case. Nonetheless, when it comes to disruptions of balance – disruptions of the balance organ alone – the asymmetric body faces a tougher challenge. In the case of establishing balance, which is a more advanced form of balance, body symmetries come to play an important role. As the human body rarely remains still during sport activities it is relevant for the athlete to have a symmetric body in achieving body balance.

• Ključne besede: body symmetry, maintaining balance, establishing balance, impaired vision, impaired hearing, disruption of balance organ