Introduction: The foot intrinsic muscles are an important part of the foot core active subsystem which forms foot arches. Mostly, the emphasis is on the medial longitudinal arch which, in absence of injuries, contributes to more effective movement and is an indicator for assessment of flat foot. A foot exercise programme which is based on the same principles that govern the parallels between the functioning of the intrinsic foot muscles and trunk stabilizers has, as of lately, been of growing importance in addressing foot overpronation. As it is the key component in gait, its adequate control seems more reasonable than limiting it. Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish the influence that the intrinsic foot muscles exercise programme has on foot pronation. Methods: The study included 32 healthy young basketball players, 13 of which had a flat foot on both sides. Navicular drop test, Intrinsic foot musculature test, hand-held dynamometry and antropometric measurements before and after 12 weeks were used to assess the influence of the exercise programme on foot pronation. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant improvement in control of navicular bone height and activation of intrinsic foot muscles (p<0,001), plantar flexion strength of first metatarsophalangeal joint (p=0,039), foot height (p=0,013) and Arch height index (p=0,012) in standing, and Arch rigidity index (p=0,039). There was no significant change in navicular drop (p=0,237). Discussion and conclusion: After 12 weeks of intrinsic foot muscles exercise programme, a significant improvement was seen in the control of navicular bone height and in the activation of the intrinsic foot muscles. In addition to that, improvement was also seen in plantar flexion strength of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, foot height and Arch height index in standing, and Arch rigidity index. Despite non-significant changes in navicular drop the trend of greater improvement in participants with flatter feet is worth mentioning. Our findings are encouraging for further research of the intrinsic foot exercise programme, especially with the focus on the optimal exercise programme volume. To make the comparison of results easier, we strongly recommend to divide participants by arch height and to standardize measurements and measurement tools. Intrinsic foot exercise programme could play a key role in a wide spectrum of injuries and subjects. Nevertheless, a consideration of the wider picture and an identification of the right reason behind the problem is necessary before the intervention.
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