It is a distinctive feature of porous materials, which are not homogenous on a molecular level, that, when regarding their arrangement, we recognize only mean mutual distribution of particles, but have no information regarding geometry or the size of nanopores. Examples of such materials are gels, clays and engineering composites. A porous system, in equilibrium with a solution, can be conceived as a system where certain degrees of freedom are quenched. These particles represent a matrix (an adsorbent), along which free particles of the adsorbent move (annealed particles). Theoretically, adsorption in a disordered porous material can be considered in terms of the replica Ornstein-Zernike integral equations, supported by computer simulations (eg. Monte Carlo simulation or molecular dynamics). Systems involving charged particles (ions) are particularly interesting due to the significant role of ions in adsorption processes (eg. desalination of water, distribution through the membrane, chromatography). This diploma thesis summarizes the main outcomes (structure and thermodynamics) of partially quenched systems including charges.
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