Tveganja v laboratoriju pri delu z biološkimi dejavniki

Resnik, Nina (avtor), Kožuh, Mitja Robert (mentor)

Nevarnosti v mikrobiološkem laboratoriju so vrsta bioloških tveganj, ki jim je izpostavljeno osebje v mikrobioloških laboratorijih in lahko povzročijo škodljive učinke na zdravje. Glede na klasifikacijo bioloških dejavnikov v štiri skupine, so razvrščeni v štiri varnostne razrede tudi laboratoriji, namenjeni delu z biološkimi dejavniki. Varnostni ukrepi in delovni postopki v mikrobioloških laboratorijih so odvisni od lastnosti biološkega dejavnika. Upravljanje z biološkimi tveganji je proces, ki se prične z identifikacijo nevarnosti, analiziranjem ter določanjem tveganj ter nadaljuje z zmanjševanjem oziroma eliminacijo tveganj in izvedbo potrebnih ukrepov. Identifikacija nevarnosti je prvi in ključen korak pri zagotavljanju varnosti v mikrobiološkem laboratoriju. Glede na identificirane nevarnosti v mikrobiološkem laboratoriju, sem glede na pregledano literaturo in podatke iz izvedene ankete v mikrobiološkem laboratoriju, ki sem jo predhodno pripravila, v magistrskem delu izbrala nezgodni dogodek, ocenjen kot najslabši možen scenarij. Na primeru izbranega nezgodnega dogodka sem izdelala drevo dogodkov. Drevo dogodkov je uveljavljena logična grafična metoda, povezana z nezgodnimi incidenti, s katero lahko glede na identificirane nevarnosti ocenimo verjetnosti posameznih dogodkov in izračunamo verjetnosti definiranih posledic glede na začetni dogodek. Glede na frekvenco izbrane nezgode in ocenjenih verjetnosti segmentnih relevantnih dogodkov je bil moj cilj izračunati verjetnosti posledic, ki sem jih predvidela za začetni dogodek. Za specifični dogodek sem v magistrskem delu izračunala verjetnosti določenih posledic ob veljavnosti določenih predpostavk. Na osnovi izračuna sem ugotovila, da pri delu v laboratoriju varnostnega razreda 1 in 2 obstaja največja verjetnost, da ni tveganja, vendar kljub temu, ob določenih predpostavkah, obstaja tveganje za zdravje. Na podlagi primerov nezgod iz strokovne literature in poteka drevesa dogodkov sem ugotovila, da lahko nezgode povzročijo tveganja za zdravje in v nekaterih primerih tudi smrt osebe, ki je bila izpostavljena okužbi z biološkim dejavnikom. Za zaposlene delavce v laboratoriju in ostale, ki so med opravljanjem dela izpostavljeni zdravju nevarnim snovem, je treba zagotoviti varne procese dela in tako zmanjšati možnost nezgod in poškodb pri delu. Zaposlene je treba spodbujati k temu, da o incidentih pri delu poročajo, saj le tako lahko dobimo pravo sliko o stanju varnosti v delovnem okolju.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: laboratorij, biološki dejavnik, identifikacija, tveganje, drevo dogodkov
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-109329
• COBISS.SI-ID: 1538323139
• Datum objave v RUL: 30.08.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Risks in laboratory while working with biological agents

Izvleček

Biological risks in microbiology laboratory are type of risks that employees are exposed to and can cause high risk to their health. According to classification of biological agents into four classes (based on hazard), are laboratories classified into four biosafety levels. Safety measures and work procedures in laboratories are based on the characteristics of the biological agents. Managing biosafety risks is a process, that begins with the identification of risks, continues to reduce or eliminate risks and implementation of necessary measures. Risk identification is the first and crucial step in ensuring safety in laboratory. According to the identified risks in the laboratory and reviewed literature and the data from conducted survey in the microbiological laboratory, that I have prepared, an initiating event was considered in this thesis, which was assessed as the worst-case scenario when working with biological agents. In the case of selected initiating event, an Event Tree was created. The Event Tree is a well-established logical graphical method associated with accidental incidents, which can, depending on the identified risks, assess the probabilities of individual events and calculate the probability of the defined consequences with respect to the initial event. Depending on the frequency of the initiating event and the estimated probability of segment relevant events, my goal was to calculate the probabilities of the initial event. For a specific event, in the master’s thesis, the probabilities of certain consequences were calculated with the validity of certain assumptions. Based on calculations, I found that while working in labs, classified in class 1 and 2, there is a maximum probability of no risk, but under certain assumptions there exist risk to health. On the basis of cases of accidents in the literature and the course of Event tree, I have found that accidents can cause risk to health and in some cases even death to the people, exposed to an infection with a biological agent. For employed workers in laboratory and others, exposed to health hazardous agents while performing their work, it is necessary to ensure safe processes and thus reduce the possibility of accidents and injuries at work. Employees should be encouraged to report incidents at work, as this is the only way to get the right picture of the state of safety in the work environment and tools to strengthen safety precautions.

• Ključne besede: Laboratory, Biological agents, Identification, Risk, Event Tree Analysis