VADBA MOČI EVERTORJEV IN INVERTORJEV GLEŽNJA : doktorska disertacija

Bavdek, Rok (avtor), Dolenec, Aleš (mentor)

Moč mišic evertorjev in invertorjev stopala je pomembna gibalna sposobnost pri varovanju skočnega sklepa pred zvinom skočnega sklepa. Namen doktorske disertacije je bil ugotoviti, kako 12 tednov trajajoča vadba moči vpliva na stabilnost skočnega sklepa pri hoji, kako vpliva na spremembo moči mišic evertorjev in invertorjev stopala ter kakšen vpliv ima na refleksni odziv teh mišic. Merjenci so s tem namenom izvajali vadbo za moč na posebej izdelani napravi, ki omogoča vadbo za moč mišic evertorjev in invertorjev stopala. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 32 merjencev (vsi moški), ki so bili razdeljeni v eksperimentalno (23 merjencev, starost 20,6 ± 3,20 let; višina 1,83 ± 0,79 m; teža 81,81 ± 15,56 kg) in kontrolno skupino (9 merjencev, starost 22,22 ± 5,14 let; višina 1,83 ± 0,11 m; teža 77,25 ± 11,15 kg). Vsi merjenci so izvedli začetne in končne meritve: navor v smeri everzije in inverzije stopala na izometrični opornici, hoja po ravni podlagi, hoja po lateralno nagnjeni naklonini z nepodprtim medialnim delom stopala, hoja po medialno nagnjeni naklonini z nepodprtim lateralnim delom stopala in refleks na nateg. Eksperimentalna skupina je takoj po začetnih meritvah začela izvajati 12-tedensko vadbo za moč mišic evertorjev in invertorjev stopala (osem tednov vadbe za povečanje mišične mase, štiri tedne za živčno aktivacijo). Raziskava je vključevala spremljanje EMG vrednosti šestih mišic goleni (peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis in soleus) pri treh načinih hoje, kinematičnih parametrov (hitrost, kontaktni čas, dolžina dvokoraka, položaj stopala) pri treh različnih načinih hoje ter spremljanje velikosti koaktivacije mišičnih agonistov in antagonistov. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je eksperimentalna skupina po vadbi statistično značilno povečala navor v smeri everzije (za 113 %, p = 0,005) in inverzije (za 110 %, p = 0,002) stopala, pri hoji po medialno nagnejeni naklonini statistično značilno višje dvignila lateralni del stopala za 117 % (p = 0,004) ter pri hoji po lateralno nagnjeni naklonini statistično značilno višje dvignila medialni del stopala za 33 % (p = 0,043). Po obdobju vadbe se je za 35 % (p = 0,001) povečala vrednost EMG mišice peroneus longus pri hoji po medialno nagnjeni naklonini. Kontrolna skupina ni izboljšala rezultatov. Pri refleksu na nateg ni prišlo do statistično značilnih sprememb. Vadba mišic evertorjev in invertorjev stopala vpliva na izboljšanje moči evertorjev in invertorjev stopala ter na večjo stabilnost skočnega sklepa pri hoji, ne vpliva pa na refleksni odziv mišic evertorjev in invertorjev stopala.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: evertorji stopala, invertorji stopala, skočni sklep, vadba za moč, hoja
• Vrsta gradiva: Doktorsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.08 - Doktorska disertacija
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108382
• COBISS.SI-ID: 300991744
• Datum objave v RUL: 30.06.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: STRENGTH TRAINING FOR FOOT EVERTORS AND INVERTORS

Izvleček

The purpose of the PhD thesis was to determine the influence of a twelve-week strength exercise program on the stability of the talocrural joint when walking on an unstable surface. The test subjects performed strength exercises on specially built devices in order to increase the strength of the evertor and invertor muscles of the foot. We also tried to establish the influence of exercise on the strength of the evertor and invertor muscles, and the influence of exercise on the reflex reaction of these two groups of muscles. The research included 32 male test subjects, who were divided into two groups. The experimental group included 23 subjects in the age range of 20.6 ± 3.20 years, height range of 1.83 ± 0.79 meters, and weight range of 81.81 ± 15.56 kilograms. The control group included 9 test subjects in the age range of 22.22 ± 5.14 years, height range of 1.83 ± 0.11 meters, and weight range of 77.25 ± 11.15 kilograms. All test subjects underwent an initial and final testing. The experimental group started doing the twelve-week exercise program right after the initial testing. The research included the monitoring of EMG values of six tibial muscles in three different types of walking, the monitoring of kinematic parameters (gait speed, contact time, stride length, foot position) in three different types of walking and the monitoring of co-activation of agonist muscles together with other tibial muscles when walking on an incline. The test subjects walked normally up the medial incline ramp without having any support in the lateral part of the foot. They also walked along a lateral incline ramp without any support of the medial part of the foot. The results showed that the experimental group improved the strength of the evertor and invertor foot muscles, because they improved their isometric torque values in both movements as well as their walking on inclines. The EMG PL values increased when walking on inclines. The control group did not improve their test results and neither were there any changes in the working of their tibial muscles. The results of both observed groups did not show any differences in the EMG values amplitude of PL, PB and TA during the reflex in the standing-up position. The precisely planned workout of the evertor and invertor ankle muscles increases the strength and results in greater stability when walking. However, it does not influence the reflex response of the evertor and invertor muscles of the foot. It has been established that a workout on the strength-training machine for ankle eversion and inversion is a suitable method for patients who have problems with subtalar joint muscles.

• Ključne besede: foot eversion, foot inversion, subtalar joint, strength training, walking