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Mikrobiološke analize stenskih poslikav na zunanjščinah
ID Rebernak, Zala (Avtor), ID Šeme, Blaž (Mentor) Več o mentorju... Povezava se odpre v novem oknu, ID Zalar, Polona (Komentor)

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Izvleček
V magistrski nalogi so opisane mikrobiološke analize stenskih poslikav na zunanjščinah cerkva na treh različnih lokacijah. Magistrsko delo je razdeljeno na teoretični in praktični del. Teoretični del zajema predstavitev lokacij in stenskih poslikav, s katerih smo odvzeli vzorce, in sicer z vidno spremenjenih in z mikrobi obraščenih delov poslikav. Vključuje tudi pregled literature o mikroorganizmih, ki ogrožajo stenske poslikave in preostale umetnine na prostem, ter pregled različnih metod, s pomočjo katerih lahko mikroorganizme na stenskih poslikavah detektiramo in identificiramo. V praktičnem delu so predstavljeni načini jemanja vzorcev s stenskih poslikav in njihova nadaljnja obdelava. Vzorce smo, če so se mikrobi razraščali po ploski površini, odtisnili na prosojni lepilni trak, v primerih večjih voluminoznih razrasti pa smo s skalpelom odkrušili majhne koščke poslikav. Iz vzorcev odvzetih z lepilnim trakom in skalpelom smo naredili preparate in jih opazovali pod mikroskopom, okruške pa smo opazovali pod stereomikroskopom. Mikroskopske preparate smo opazovali v vidni svetlobi, nekatere tudi v fluorescentni svetlobi. Pri slednjih smo z uporabo fluorescentnih barvil lahko ločili med živimi in mrtvimi celicami. Iz spremenjenih delov poslikav smo jemali vzorce za gojenje, najpogosteje neinvazivno, z vatenkami. Nanesli smo jih na štiri različne vrste gojišč: za izolacijo bakterij, arhej in gliv. S teh gojišč smo pridobili čiste kulture, iz izbranih kultur pa smo ekstrahirali DNA, ter pomnožili DNA zaporedja pomembna za identifikacijo. Na osnovi le-teh smo mikrobe s primerjavo zaporedij identificirali s svetovnimi genskimi bazami. S poskusi smo dobili vpogled v mikrobne skupnosti na površini in v globini poslikav, ter identificirali organizme, ki jih lahko gojimo v kulturah. Enostavna metoda mikroskopiranja s fluorescentnimi barvili nam je dala vpogled v viabilnost glivne skupnosti. Preko identifikacije mikroorganizmov lahko pridemo do informacije, kakšen vpliv imajo te na stenske poslikave. Več podatkov o identiteti in značilnosti vrst nam pomaga pri preprečevanju okužb z njimi z zagotovitvijo primernih dejavnikov iz okolja. Če je okužba že prisotna, pa s pomočjo identifikacije lažje izberemo najprimernejše metode in materiale za konserviranje-restavriranje umetnine.

Jezik:Slovenski jezik
Ključne besede:konservatorstvo-restavratorstvo, stenske poslikave, mikroorganizmi, analize, mikroskopiranje, DNA izolacija, čista kultura
Vrsta gradiva:Magistrsko delo/naloga
Organizacija:ALUO - Akademija za likovno umetnost in oblikovanje
Leto izida:2019
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-108091 Povezava se odpre v novem oknu
Datum objave v RUL:15.06.2019
Število ogledov:1360
Število prenosov:275
Metapodatki:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
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Sekundarni jezik

Jezik:Angleški jezik
Naslov:Microbiological analysis of outdoor wall paintings
Izvleček:
The master's thesis describes microbiological analyses of wall paintings on the exteriors of churches in three different locations. The master's thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part consists of the presentation of locations and wall paintings from which we took samples from, that is, from visibly changed and with microbes covered parts of paintings. It also includes a review of the literature on microorganisms, which may damage wall paintings and other outdoor artworks, as well as an overview of the various methods by which microorganisms on wall paintings can be detected and identified. The practical part presents the methods of taking samples from wall paintings and their further processing. When microbes were grown on the flat surface, samples were impressed on a transparent adhesive tape, and in cases of large volumetric growth, we scraped small pieces of paintings with scalpel. From the samples taken with adhesive tape and scalpel, the preparations were made and observed under the light microscope, and the scraps were observed under the stereo microscope. Microscopic preparations were observed in visible light, some also in fluorescent light. In the latter case, using fluorescent dyes we could separate living and dead cells. From the changed parts of the paintings, we used samples for cultivation, most often with non-invasive method by using swabs. We applied them to four different types of culture media: for the isolation of bacteria, archaea and fungi. From these media, pure cultures were isolated, DNA was extracted from selected cultures and DNA sequences important for identification were acquired. On the basis of these, microbes were identified by comparison of sequences with global DNA databases. Through experiments, we obtained an insight into the microbial communities on the surface and in depth of the paintings, and identified the organisms that can be cultivated in cultures. An easy method of microscopy with fluorescence dyes gave us an insight into the viability of the fungal community. Through the identification of microorganisms, we can get information about the impact they have on wall paintings. More data than we have about their identity and physiological properties, potentially help us to prevent their colonization by providing appropriate environmental factors. If the infection is already present, it is easier to identify the best methods and materials for conservation-restoration of the artwork after microorganisms' identification.

Ključne besede:conservation-restoration, wall paintings, microorganisms, analyses, microscopy, DNA isolation, pure culture

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