The master's thesis attempts to highlight the problem of nationalism after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of the 20th century brought about a disruption of traditional economic relations and severe economic downturns as well as an identity crisis and a crisis of values. With this in mind, the state tried to introduce new concepts (россияни – a new word for Russian citizens) that would be more efficient in defining their national identity, but this did not have a significant effect. This eventually led to the development of many nationalist groups that tried to resolve the situation. Two camps eventually emerged: the first one requiring a re-establishment of the Soviet Union in its former glory, and the other advocating a new arrangement, in which they would distance themselves from internal and external enemies, thus establishing a strong, sovereign and independent state. The National Bolshevik party belongs among the latter. My empirical work was based on the assumption that this party was an important element of a developing democratic Russian society. The NBP program built on the current socio-political situation, which they connected with traditional Russian principles that legitimized its function. I analysed the themes and images that the party used in its newspaper Limonka and two programmes; at the same time, I was interested in their reasons for using them. Furthermore, I was interested in the influence that the National Bolshevik party has had on Russian culture and society, as well as its democracy.
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