Uporaba socialnih zgodb za pridobivanje socialnih in komunikacijskih spretnosti pri otroku z motnjo v duševnem razvoju in avtistično motnjo

Vončina, Maja (avtor), Žgur, Erna (mentor)

Avtistične motnje so dandanes v porastu, pojavljajo se lahko kot samostojna motnja ali pa skupaj z drugimi razvojnimi motnjami. Ena izmed pogostih značilnosti oseb z avtističnimi motnjami je neustrezno vedenje, ki je tudi posledica nerazumevanja, kakšno vedenje je v določeni situaciji primerno. Učenje socialno primernega načina vedenja in novih spretnosti poteka na različne načine, tudi preko socialnih zgodb. Le-te skušajo pojasniti specifično situacijo skozi oči otroka z avtistično motnjo in mu s konkretnimi idejami pomagati, kako se odzvati na primeren način. V magistrskem delu je bila izvedena študija primera z devet let starim učencem, ki ima lažjo motnjo v duševnem razvoju, avtistično motnjo in lažjo gibalno oviranost in se izobražuje v prilagojenem programu vzgoje in izobraževanja z nižjim izobrazbenim standardom. Cilj dela je bilo oblikovati individualiziran program obravnave socialnih zgodb in ugotoviti, ali socialne zgodbe pomembno učinkujejo pri učenju novih socialnih in komunikacijskih spretnosti. Raziskovala sem tudi, ali bo učenec nove spretnosti po končani obravnavi še vedno uporabljal. Ustvarila sem štiri socialne zgodbe, ki so se navezovale na problemske situacije, v katerih je deček večkrat izkazal nerazumevanje dogodkov. V devetih tednih sem izvedla 14 individualnih obravnav na katerih sem učencu preko različnih metod dela predstavila socialne zgodbe in raziskovala, katere metode dela so bile za otroka najučinkovitejše Rezultati, beleženi s štirimi individualno prilagojenimi ocenjevalnimi lestvicami, so pokazali napredek na področju uporabe novih socialnih in komunikacijskih spretnosti. Učenec je nove spretnosti uporabljal delno uspešno, tako med kot po zaključeni obravnavi socialnih zgodb. Kot najučinkovitejša metoda dela se je izkazala metoda razlage v kombinaciji s še eno izmed praktičnih metod dela – igro z lutkami ali igro vlog. Rezultate, pridobljene z analizo rezultatov ocenjevalnih lestvic, sem podkrepila še z ugotovitvami neposrednega opazovanja ter pogovora z učenčevima učiteljicama in starši. V zaključku magistrskega dela sem predstavila prednosti uporabe socialnih zgodb, ki sem jih opazila tekom celotne študije primera.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: motnja v duševnem razvoju
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-106080
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12307017
• Datum objave v RUL: 27.03.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The use of social stories for gaining social and communication skills with a child with intellectual disability and autism

Izvleček

Nowadays, the number of cases of autism has increased. They may emerge as an autonomous disorder or combined with other developmental disorders. One of the most frequent characteristics of people with autism is inappropriate behaviour, which originates in the lack of understanding of the social context, i.e. what kind of behaviour is acceptable in a particular situation. The teaching of socially acceptable ways of behaving and social skills is conducted in various ways, including social stories. The purpose of these stories is to explain a specific situation from the point of view of a child with autism, offering concrete ideas as to how to react in a proper way. For the purposes of the master’s thesis, I conducted a study of a nine-year-old student with a mild intellectual disability, autism and a mild physical disability. The student attends an adapted education programme with a lower educational standard. The main aims were to form an individualised programme of discussing social stories and to assess the effect of social stories on the acquisition of new social and communication skills. I also monitored whether the student continued to use the newly acquired social and communication skills or not. I designed four social stories addressing situations, where the boy previously experienced difficulties with understanding the events. Fourteen individual lessons stretched over nine weeks. During the sessions, parts of the social stories were presented to the student, using different methodology in order to establish the most efficient approach. Using four individualised assessment scales, the results showed an improvement in the use of the new social and communication skills. The student was partly successful in using the newly acquired skills both during the lessons and after them. Explanation combined with a practical method (using muppets or a role-play) proved to be the most effective approach. The results acquired through the analysis of assessment scales were additionally strengthened by the findings of direct monitoring and the interviews of the student’s teachers and parents. At the end of the thesis, I presented the advantages of using social stories that I observed throughout the case study.

• Ključne besede: intellectual disability