Introduction: In addition to psychosocial changes, pregnancy also provokes anatomical and physiological changes. The most common musculoskeletal problem during pregnancy is low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to determine the prevalence of low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy, its causes and the most common risk factors that affect the occurrence of pain. Methods: The descriptive method with an overview of domestic and foreign scientific and professional literature was used. The literature was found using the DiKul database and foreign databases: Medline, CINAHL, ScienceDirect and PubMed. The analysis included 13 studies. The articles were evaluated on a four level scale based on the strength of the evidence. Results: The presented studies confirmed the prevalence of low back pain (range 32-68 %) and pelvic girdle pain (range 14-77 %) during pregnancy. Based on a review of researches, we identified the following risk factors: previous pain in the lumbar spine, low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain during previous pregnancy, pain during menstruation, parity. Pain during pregnancy also worsens due to long-term standing, long-term walking, long-term sitting, walking on stairs and turning in bed. Discussion and conclusion: The different level of prevalence of low back pain between different countries could partially be explained by the lifestyle in specific countries. The prevalence may also vary between retrospective and prospective studies. The prevalence of pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy varies between different studies, depending on the used definition of pelvic girdle pain and the diagnostic procedures. The literature review has identified four causes that affect the occurrence of low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain: hormonal changes, changes in the body posture, biomechanical changes and vascular changes. The presented studies are consistent about the risk factors; they only disagree about age as a risk factor. We also found that physical activity before and during pregnancy reduced the prevalence of pain in the lower back and/or pelvic girdle. Because problems with low back pain/and or pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy are overlooked and consequently lead to the development of chronic low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain after delivery, it would be advisable for women with low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain that they already during pregnancy refer to relevant experts.
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