Pridelava voluminozne krme z mešanim posevkom jarega žita in graha z uporabo direktne setve

Pirnat, Matjaž (avtor), Mihelič, Rok (mentor)

Na njivi, kjer smo pred šestimi leti izvedli golosek, smo v letu 2018 izvedli poljski poskus, v katerem smo preizkušali uporabnost mešanic jarih žit in graha za voluminozno krmo krav molznic. S sejalnico za direktno setev smo posejali mešanice ječmena in graha, pšenice in graha, tritikale in graha ter čisti posevek graha. Želeli smo ugotoviti najboljšo kombinacijo žit z grahom, po času dozorevanja in skupnemu pridelku zelinja in pridelku beljakovin. Del pridelanih krmnih mešanic smo silirali in preskusili njihovo ješčnost z enostavnim testom na kravah molznicah. Pridelek suhega zelinja mešanic je bil večji kot pridelek v čisti setvi graha (5,2 do 6,4 t/ha proti 3,8 t/ha). Največji pridelek beljakovin je bil pri mešanici ječmena in graha, 646 kg/ha, sledijo mešanica tritikale in graha s 599 kg beljakovin/ha, pšenice in graha s 540 kg/ha in čisti posevek graha z 461 kg/ha. Žita so se dobro razrasla in delež graha se je iz začetnega deleža semena ob setvi 50 % v primerjavi z žitom zmanjšal na 27 % v mešanci ječmena in graha ter tritikale in graha, v mešanici pšenice pa zgolj na 18 %. Pridelki bi bili večji ob optimalnejši prehrani rastlin z dušikom. Izkazalo se je, da je rastna doba graha prekratka, da bi se vzpostavila dobra simbioza z N2-fiksirajočimi bakterijami, kar bi zagotovilo dovolj dušika za grah in žita. Kot najboljša mešanica po času dozorevanja in pridelku beljakovin se je izkazala mešanica ječmena in graha. Po siliranju je bila po analizah najboljša mešanica graha s tritikalo. Pridelano silažo so živali rade zauživale

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: voluminozna krma, mešani posevek, grah, žita, direktna setev
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Založnik: [M. Pirnat]
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-103629
• UDK: 631.53.041:633.28(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 9041017
• Datum objave v RUL: 20.09.2018

PIRNAT, Matjaž, 2018, Pridelava voluminozne krme z mešanim posevkom jarega žita in graha z uporabo direktne setve [na spletu]. Diplomsko delo. M. Pirnat. [Dostopano 3 maj 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=103629

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Production of bulk feed from a mixed crop of grain and peas in nutritious, brown brown poplar soil using direct sowing

Izvleček

In a field, where a forest clear-cut was done six years ago, and the soil is shallow and poor with nutrients, a field experiment was carried out in the spring 2018, in which we tested the production of 3 roughage mixtures of spring cereals and peas for dairy cows: barley and peas, wheat and peas, and triticale and peas was compared to single-crop peas. Direct drilling of seeds was used. We wanted to find the best combination of cereals and peas, according to the ripening period, the total yield and the protein yield. A part of yields were ensiled and ad-hoc tested for palatability on dairy cows. The dry yield of mixtures was higher than the yield of pure pea stand (5.2 to 6.4 t/ha versus 3.8 t/ha). The highest protein yield was achieved with a mixture of barley and peas, 646 kg/ha, followed by a mixture of triticale and peas 599 kg protein/ha, wheat and peas 540 kg/ha and 461 kg/ha with a clean pea stand. The cereals grew well and the pea's share decreased in comparison with cereals from 50 % at seeding to 27 % at harvest in barley and peas, triticale and peas, and only 18 % in a mixture of wheat. Crops could improve with the optimum nutrition with nitrogen. It turned out that the pea growing period was too short to establish a good symbiosis with N2-fixing bacteria and provide sufficient nitrogen for itself and for cereals. The experiment showed a mixture of barley and peas as the best tested option. Analysis showed that the best mixture for silage was triticale and peas. The produced silage from mixtures was palatable by the cows.

• Ključne besede: roughage, mixed crop, peas, cereals, direct seeding