Informacijska struktura povedi predstavlja eno bolj kompleksnih področij sodobnega jezikoslovja, saj med drugim odraža večplasten odnos med dvema izjemno pomembnima jezikoslovnima disciplinama, skladnjo in pragmatiko. Obe disciplini sodelujeta pri tvorjenju sporazumevanjskim okoliščinam primernih povedi, le tako jim namreč lahko zagotovita informativno koherentnost. Ta odnos je v španskem jeziku še posebej večplasten, saj gibkost jezika dopušča mnogo različnih načinov odražanja komunikacijskih dejavnikov v skladnji. Pričujoče magistrsko delo v teoretskem delu povzame vse pomembnejše pristope k analizi informacijske strukture povedi, predstavi različne poglede na osnovne pojme, najbolj težavne vidike, s katerimi se srečujejo raziskovalci področja, in značilnosti najpogosteje uporabljenih postopkov topikalizacije in fokalizacije v španščini ter opiše odnos med informativnostjo in novinarskih diskurzom. Aplikativni del naloge sestavljata skladenjska analiza primerov opisanih jezikovnih postopkov in določitev njihove diskurzivne vloge pri gradnji različnih vrst informativno skladnih španskih novinarskih besedil. Zaradi nepoenotene terminologije, maloštevilnih poskusov skladenjske opredelitve topikov in fokusov ter razhajajočih se pogledov na njihovo vlogo pri razvoju informativnosti tako v povedi kot v širšem besedilu skuša delo iskati in predlagati nove rešitve, ki bi pripomogle k sistematizaciji tega jezikoslovnega polja.The information structure of the sentence is one of the more complex fields of modern linguistic studies, since it reflects, among other things, the multifaceted relationship between two extremely important linguistic disciplines, the syntax and the pragmatics. Both disciplines collaborate in the construction of discursively adequate sentences, because it is only together that they can assure its informative coherence. This collaboration is especially multifaceted in Spanish, as the flexibility of the language allows the communication factors to manifest themselves in many different ways in the syntax. In the theoretical part, this master%s thesis summarises the most relevant approaches to information structure analysis, presents different points of view of the basic notions, the most problematic aspects encountered by the researchers of the field, the characteristics of the most commonly used topicalization and focalization mechanisms in Spanish and describes the relationship between informativity and the journalistic discourse. The practical part of the thesis consists of the syntactic analysis of examples of the described mechanisms and the description and determination of their discourse function in the construction of different types of informatively adequate Spanish journalistic texts. Due to the non-unified terminology, few attempts to define topics and focuses syntactically, and divided opinions about their role in the development of informativity in the sentence and the broader text, this thesis tries to find and suggest new solutions that would contribute to the systematisation of this linguistic field.
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